ecophysiological adaptation in organisms to various extreme habitats

0 /TR 2015;3:e1319. Orsi WD, Vuillemin A, Rodriguez P, Coskun K, Gomez-Saez GV, Lavik G, et al. 2010;74:30215. 2012 Nov;87(4):965-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00238.x. Nguyen L-T, Schmidt HA, Haeseler von A, Minh BQ. This implies that in most cases, temporary soil water stress events would not occur during the growth season of this region. FOIA The tree species used in our investigations and sampling were not endangered or protected. It is necessary for organisms to adjust to the conditions and environment they live in. 3. Several examples are discussed how ruminants of different feeding types are gaining ecological advantage and it is concluded that ruminants have achieved high levels of digestive efficiency at each evolutionary stage, (including well-documented seasonal adaptations of the digestive system) and that ruminant evolution is still going on. 2015;31:16746. Coupling of diversification and pH adaptation during the evolution of terrestrial Thaumarchaeota. Therein, species would be potentially susceptible to global warming. Imlay JA. -2s 1985 Aug;67(1):142-146 o /ABS (please use y Physiological and genomic characterization of two novel marine thaumarchaeal strains indicates niche differentiation. CheckM: assessing the quality of microbial genomes recovered from isolates, single cells, and metagenomes. ISSN 1751-7370 (online) Front Microbiol. In addition, there was a much lower 50 (xylem tensions at 50% of loss in hydraulic conductivity) in evergreen tree species than in deciduous tree species ISME J. and transmitted securely. 2014;2:26. PNAS. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) were evaluated in three size classes, ranging from juveniles to adults. Isolation of an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon. RC / Chl Digestive system; Evolutionary trends; Morphophysiological adaptation; Plant-herbivore interactions; Wild ruminants. 2010;107:1308792. 2014;30:20689. plant ecophysiology is concerned largely with two topics: mechanisms (how plants sense and respond to environmental change) and scaling or integration (how the responses to highly variable conditionsfor example, gradients from full sunlight to 95% shade within tree canopiesare coordinated with one another), and how their collective effect on Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils. Plant allometry, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry, and interspecific trends in Annual growth rates. 2011;108:158927. 2016. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 15. Warm, wet regions may give rise to tropical rain forests. Hydrogenase of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is an elemental sulfur reductase or sulfhydrogenase:evidence for a sulfur-reducing hydrogenase ancestor. MeSH Environ Microbiol. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. = ET 2016;3:237. Among the key microbial inhabitants of subsurface soils and sediments are Thaumarchaeota, an archaeal phylum that encompasses ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) as well as . Some marine mammals, such as whales, migrate over large distances and may spend time in a combination of arctic, tropical and temperate waters. Environ Microbiol. Nat Commun. The animals and plants that live in each habitat are adapted to . PMC Accessibility the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Fan 34 trees for each species were randomly (the nearest one every 2030 m distance) selected from the study sites, and a detached branch from each tree was obtained from the top or middle sunny side (south-facing) of the canopy. It is necessary for organisms to adjust to the conditions and environment they live in. Lateral gene transfer shapes the distribution of rubisco among candidate phyla radiation bacteria and DPANN archaea. Pace HC, Brenner C. The nitrilase superfamily: classification, structure and function. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features J = (F Prosser JI, Nicol GW. The purpose of this study was to investigate the eco-physiological adaptation of indigenous woody species to their habitats in karst areas of southwestern China. 31070356 and 31170457) and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program No. ISME J. 2019;4:23443. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 1, 2). Le Sy Vinh. To cope with such stressors, extremophiles have often evolved complex adaptations. Bioinformatics. Furthermore, it seems that so-called temporary drought stress may not occur, or may not be severe for most woody plants in karst areas of southwestern China. ISME J. -2s That there is no significant variation in the effects of habitat and leaf phenology on WUE also partly confirms that plants adapt well to their environments, even to severely degraded karst habitat. The mean annual temperature is 15.1C Higher stomatal sensitivity will help maintain the physiologically required water status of a plant Farag IF, Biddle JF, Zhao R, Martino AJ, House CH, Len-Zayas RI. Dimapilis JRR. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00055. Nat Methods. 2021. Low temperatures and high levels of radiation are the main extreme factors that organisms must cope with. Bjrkman O, Boardman NK, Anderson JM, et al. Different areas of the world are home to different types of habitat. Daxiagu, located in the southwest of Guizhou Province, has a severely degraded karst forest. Lloyd KG, Schreiber L, Petersen DG, Kjeldsen KU, Lever MA, Steen AD, et al. See ISME J. Nucleic Acids Res. Nutrient concentrations in plants in the Brookhaven oak-pine forest. Jaffe AL, Castelle CJ, Dupont CL, Banfield JF. Cai C, Leu AO, Xie G-J, Guo J, Feng Y, Zhao J-X, et al. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help FastTree 2 approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments. afluorescence transients OJIP [fluorescence levels O: F 2014. http://bbtools.jgi.doe.gov. SEEDS Seeds are the baby plants. Figure 4). o)) x ((y FEMS Microbiol Ecol. o)). 2019;13:215061. Genome-centric view of carbon processing in thawing permafrost. MeSH Bayer B, Pelikan C, Bittner MJ, Reinthaler T, Knneke M, Herndl GJ, et al. Thousands of microbial genomes shed light on interconnected biogeochemical processes in an aquifer system. ABS, which is responsible for the performance of the electron transport from water to plastoquinone is written as: PI Figure 1). All these facts together are arguments to conclude that the manuscript deserves to be approved but the authors should take into account some modifications proposed by the reviewers. -2s -2s Figure 3). 2017;93:fiw246. 2019;36:43546. 2008;77:75576. 30 2012;20:52331. PAR was set at 1000 mol m 12, during the growth season, the most common period between two precipitation events in this region is less than 20 days. DF revised the manuscript. This is thought to be particularly so in severely degraded karst habitat While the ubiquity of these organisms in shallow subsurface soils (<100 cm) is increasingly being documented e.g., [2, 3, 5], a systematic inquiry into their ecophysiological adaptations . The animals that live in water bodies like river, lakes, ponds and oceans are said to be in aquatic habitats. s), transpiration rate (Tr), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) were measured with new, fully expanded leaves from the detached branches using a LI-6400 photosynthesis system (LI-COR Inc., Lincoln Nebraska, USA). The authors used two contrasting habitats (degraded versus well developed) and leaf phenology (deciduous versus evergreen) across many major tree species to address the ecophysiological adaptation of different tree species to habitat change. -, Respir Physiol. J Bacteriol. Water-use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in two cultivars of upland rice during different developmental stages under three water regimes. Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author. ISSN 1751-7362 (print), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01167-7, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16764199, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00055, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01290, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.obm00123. The authors declare no competing interests. Nicol GW, Leininger S, Schleper C, Prosser JI. Kalyaanamoorthy S, Minh BQ, Wong TKF, Haeseler von A, Jermiin LS. ISME J. Soil phosphorus deficiency has a negative effect on plant absorption of nitrogen from the soil; thus phosphorus limitation inhibits plant growth. GUID:0699EE8A-14FF-4199-81D6-E842A813E12D. The animals have different adaptations which make them suitable for living in a . 2009;25:19723. o Ecological-physiological adaptations of terrestrial vertebrate species to the conditions of sharply continental climate of Yakutia N.G.Solomonov E.S.Solomonov A.I.Anufriev I.M.Okhlopkov A.P.Isaev T.N.Solomonova V.T.Sedalishchev N.I.Mordosova https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.07.059 Get rights and content Cited by (0) Careers. Animal adaptations are physical or behavioral characteristics of an animal or type of animal which contribute to its survival. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Deer have a warm layer of fur. J Bacteriol. The organisms of these ecosystems have developed different adaptive strategies. PDF | On Jan 1, 1996, Karl-L. Schuchmann published Hummingbirds, ecophysiological and behavioral adaptations to extreme environmental conditions and to limited food sources - a review | Find, read . Tianlongshan has a well-developed secondary evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest growing in lime yellow soil. Huerta-Cepas J, Forslund K, Coelho LP, Szklarczyk D, Jensen LJ, Mering von C, et al. Worksheet on adaptation in animals contains various types of questions. Review date: 2013 May 29. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. Figure 2). stomatal sensitivity to changed environments). Would you like email updates of new search results? Survival strategies of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in a full-scale WWTP treating mixed landfill leachate containing copper ions and operating at low-intensity of aeration. The measurements were carried out between 11:00 and 14:00 hours (Beijing Standard Time) in August 2009 on leaves from the same detached branches from which the photosynthesis/fluorescence measurements were taken. Tianlongshan is located about 10 km south of Puding County in western Guizhou Province (2615N, 10544E) at an altitude of about 1200 m. This region is dominated by a humid monsoon climate. Anantharaman K, Brown CT, Hug LA, Sharon I, Castelle CJ, Probst AJ, et al. 18). The information presented in the study will . from, Ecophysiological Adaptations Associated with Animal Migration. The trees we used for measurements were mature ones which had been naturally grown there more than 20 years old, so the differences in trees eco-physiological traits between the two types of karst forests could reflect the variations of the trees adaptation to their local habitats. Table 1. 4. 14 and Fan Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Single-celled green algae within the Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta) are typical components of terrestrial habitats, which often exhibit harsh environmental conditions for these microorganisms. Leaf total phosphorus (P) content and soil total P content (%) were analyzed colorimetrically (UV-visible spectrophotometer, UV-2550, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). RC / Chl Chadwick GL, Hemp J, Fischer WW, Orphan VJ. LR processed the data, performed the analyses, and drafted the manuscript in consultation with CAF. The decoupling of terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles. In addition, the study design is not a factorial ANOVA; it is a hierarchical design with a nested structure and thus should have been analyzed as such (thereby changing the F tests and P levels); the reported values for the ANOVA are therefore inaccurate. Here we use genome-resolved metagenomics to examine the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of Thaumarchaeota along a 234cm depth profile of hydrologically variable riparian floodplain sediments in the Wind River Basin near Riverton, Wyoming. Qin W, Martens-Habbena W, Kobelt JN, Stahl DA. 2001;305:56780. A methanotrophic archaeon couples anaerobic oxidation of methane to Fe(III) reduction. Thaumarchaeotes abundant in refinery nitrifying sludges express amoA but are not obligate autotrophic ammonia oxidizers. Processes controlling chitin degradation are summarized in reviews published some 20 years ago, but the recent use of culture-independent molecular methods has led to a revised understanding of the ecology and biochemistry of this process and the organisms involved. in vivo in situ fast fluorescence transients were collected and analyzed according to the equations of the JIP test, which reveals the bioenergetics constellation of the samples. 2018;9:1517. Genomic and metagenomic surveys of hydrogenase distribution indicate H2 is a widely utilised energy source for microbial growth and survival. However, major design flaws make it impossible to reach scientifically valid conclusions from this study. ISME J. Aber JD, McDowell W, Nadelhoffer K, et al. These factors make physiological investigations under controlled conditions on multiple sites unpractical. J Mol Biol. Proc Nutr Soc. Under controlled conditions, Pn, gs, and Tr of the deciduous species were markedly higher than those for the evergreen species. The characteristics of foliar ~(13)C values of plants and plant water use efficiency indicated by ~(13)C Values in two fragmented rainforests in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. ADAPTATION The soil and climate conditions on land are different in different parts of the earth. Zerbe P, Clauss M, Codron D, Bingaman Lackey L, Rensch E, Streich JW, Hatt JM, Mller DW. Fast genome-wide functional annotation through orthology assignment by eggNOG-mapper. Palatinszky M, Herbold C, Jehmlich N, Pogoda M, Han P, Bergen von M, et al. 33, et al. Epub 2012 Jul 10. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coz086. (i) Animals that live in water: 2013;2:9. I believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Organisms have found ways to adapt to the most extreme environments all over the planet, and the extreme ocean habitats of the deep sea offer some of the best examples of those adaptations. Chitin is one the most abundant polymers in nature and interacts with both carbon and nitrogen cycles. This water stress results from low soil water-holding capability, and the high leakiness of limestone rock Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. ISME J. Genomic evidence for distinct carbon substrate preferences and ecological niches of Bathyarchaeota in estuarine sediments. While morphological and behavioral adaptations associated with migration have been the focus of research for many decades, the physiological adaptations remain scarcely investigated to date. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project Nos. For better understanding Im proposing some minor changes at the end of the materials and methods section: y Lu X, Seuradge BJ, Neufeld JD. Polar bears are well adapted for survival in the Arctic. Li D, Luo R, Liu C-M, Leung C-M, Ting H-F, Sadakane K, et al. Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: application to complete genomes. E 2019:19. Ma K, Schicho RN, Kelly RM, Adams MW. MetaBAT 2: an adaptive binning algorithm for robust and efficient genome reconstruction from metagenome assemblies. PubMed Characterization of an aldehyde oxidoreductase from the mesophilic bacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum ebn1, a member of a new subfamily of tungsten-containing enzymes. Marine ammonia-oxidizing archaeal isolates display obligate mixotrophy and wide ecotypic variation. Figure 1 for other explanations. Several years ago I had the opportunity to accompany a research group of the same institute as a guest for another project, to make such measurements in the forest. 2012;194:69489. 2019 Sep;28(7):781-789. doi: 10.1007/s10646-019-02073-7. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Wu Y-W, Simmons BA, Singer SW. MaxBin 2.0:an automated binning algorithm to recover genomes from multiple metagenomic datasets. Parks DH, Imelfort M, Skennerton CT, Hugenholtz P, Tyson GW. The differences found between the degraded and intact karst forest must be considered as hypotheses rather than conclusive demonstration of differences between degraded and intact forest, because of the limitations of the experimental design, as discussed in Anvio: an advanced analysis and visualization platform for omics data. -, Evolution. 9, Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. Early ecophysiological field studies have shown that shortstature plants benefit in cold environments from the higher temperatures produced by radiative heating of the soil surface, strongly decoupling their foliage temperature from the air temperatures (Larcher, 2003; Krner, 2003) (Figures 2 a,d, 3, 4 c). Epub 2016 Mar 16. 2020;5:e0041520. Enrichment and genome sequence of the group i.1a ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Ca. Kang D, Li F, Kirton ES, Thomas A, Egan RS, An H, et al. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. It needs courage, skill and perseverance to do these experiments and to present the experimental data in the form given in this article. Cyanate and urea are substrates for nitrification by Thaumarchaeota in the marine environment. The .gov means its official. The dominant tree species in Tianlongshan and Daxiagu found in this study are listed in Greening C, Biswas A, Carere CR, Jackson CJ, Taylor MC, Stott MB, et al. Weber EB, Lehtovirta-Morley LE, Prosser JI, Gubry-Rangin C, Laanbroek R. Ammonia oxidation is not required for growth of Group 1.1c soil Thaumarchaeota. 10. o = 1 - F The alga was . 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.obm00123. 2018;5:170203. J=F2ms, fluorescence at J-step (2ms) of O-J-I-P; PI(abs)=(RC/ABS)[(Po)/(1(Po))][(Eo)/(1-(Eo))]; RC=reaction center, ABS=absorption flux. The research was well designed and relatively long-term (three year measurements) for ecophysiological study. The tree canopies in Tianlongshan are closed and the light environment is lower for the middle and lower canopy leaves. Cultivation of an obligate acidophilic ammonia oxidizer from a nitrifying acid soil. 34, phosphorus limitation could partly explain why the Pn was lower in Tianlongshan than in Daxiagu, while PPUE was more stimulated in Tianlongshan than in Daxiagu. Metabolic potential of fatty acid oxidation and anaerobic respiration by abundant members of Thaumarchaeota and Thermoplasmata in deep anoxic peat. Adaptation. The physiological strategies that allow this crab to thrive under variable salinities, and how they change during the benthic stages of their life cycle, were evaluated under laboratory conditions. 2015;9:396411. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. Parks DH, Chuvochina M, Waite DW, Rinke C, Skarshewski A, Chaumeil P-A, et al. Emerson JB, Thomas BC, Alvarez W, Banfield JF. Zhou Z, L Y, Xu W, Pan J, Luo Z-H, Li M. Genome- and community-level interaction insights into carbon utilization and element cycling functions of Hydrothermarchaeota in hydrothermal sediment. Most importantly, the study compares one degraded forest with one more-intact forest in order to reach conclusions about the ecophysiology of trees in degraded karst forests in comparison to intact forests. 2008. Genomic inference of the metabolism of cosmopolitan subsurface archaea, Hadesarchaea. Knneke M, Bernhard AE, la Torre de JR, Walker CB, Waterbury JB, Stahl DA. 2015;112:11738. The end of each branch was re-cut twice under water, ensuring continuity of the xylem conduit. Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups (4th Edition). The terrestrial subsurface microbiome contains vastly underexplored phylogenetic diversity and metabolic novelty, with critical implications for global biogeochemical cycling. and marine habitats include oceans, intertidal zone, reefs, seabed and so on. Leaf phenology had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), and the PNUE of deciduous species was much higher that of evergreen species ( mate, habitat or even food plant communities are con- cerned, as translocations have shown. I fully agree with the scientific statements given by the reviewers who have pointed out the high quality of the data. Review date: 2014 Jul 7. Kim BK, Jung M-Y, Yu DS, Park S-J, Oh TK, Rhee S-K, et al. To watch the video of Exercises and question answers of this lesson, click on the below link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R37ToXMd83M&t=6s~~~~~. Tully BJ, Graham ED, Heidelberg JF. The ruminant placental trophoblast binucleate cell: an evolutionary breakthrough. m (tF In short, I can say that the investigation is technically very complex, however has been executed with a lot of skill and imagination. Mass- and area-based nitrogen and phosphorus content, and specific leaf area of the dominant tree species at Daxiagu and Tianlongshan. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. Further, the available soil water from a heavy rain event could meet tree transpiration needs for 714 days Further, the PPUE of the woody species in Tianlongshan was much higher than that of the woody species in Daxiagu. ks1w4: identifying and classifying 2a2: identify that most living things live in habitats to which they are suited and describe how different habitats provide for the basic needs of different kinds of animals and plants . 1998;6:17582. 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. 2019;4:e0018119. 2015;11:35560. 27 2022 Aug 23;29(5):dsac032. Phylogenomic analysis of the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) indicates a shift in AOA population structure from the dominance of the terrestrial Nitrososphaerales lineage in the well-drained top ~100cm of the profile to the typically marine Nitrosopumilales in deeper, moister, more energy-limited sediment layers. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. experiment was as long as 20 days. black socks or sock-shaped towels were used to slip over branches on the trees to guarantee dark adaptation in a non-invasive way during the daytime. In all sizes, the oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and regulatory capacity of Na+ decreased as salinity increased, with the highest values at 5 and the lowest values at 30 salinity. 1970 Sep;24(3):785-95 3. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. 2015;10:105163. Evolutionary adaptations of ruminants and their potential relevance for modern production systems. 10. Knneke M, Schubert DM, Brown PC, Hgler M, Standfest S, Schwander T, et al. Capella-Gutirrez S, Silla-Martnez JM, Gabaldn T. trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Adaptation and adjustment of Maolan forest ecosystem to karst environment. GUID:CE9A3903-5106-4515-BBAB-006CFF23CB84. Moreover, an ecophysiological comparison of the two species was performed: pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry confirmed that they have a high tolerance to elevated solar irradiation, the physiological light preferences reflected the conditions in the original habitat; nonetheless, A. nordenskioeldii was adapted to higher irradiances while the photosystems of A. alaskana were able to . Growth, activity and temperature responses of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in soil microcosms. With their unique mixes of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). The multi parametric approach to this realistic field study is appreciated and proves that the authors have a good ecological feeling and understanding. This might be due to karst plants adaptive structural strategies (e.g. They explain things that the habitats provide the animals with on the writing frames provided. Each of these characteristics are categorized in one of three groups: body parts, body coverings, or behavior. Nat Chem Biol. Hfferle , Nicol GW, Pal L, Hacin J, Prosser JI, Mandi-Mulec I. This indicates that the average long-term WUE in tree species in the karst area is low, and that they do not experience severe long-term drought stress. Eco-physiological adaptation of dominant tree species at two contrasting karst habitats in southwestern China, We have added three more parameters in this part. There are wide range of terrestrial habitats like forests, grasslands, deserts, mountain ranges, coastal regions, wetlands, ice caps and wetlands. The g https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2001-2-1-reviews0001. views The regulatory capacity of Na+ was positively related with oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01289. The reconstruction of 2,631 draft metagenome-assembled genomes from the global oceans. Shouren Zhang, Dayong Fan, [], and Xinwu Xu. PubMed These adaptations enable the organism to regulate their bodily functions, such as breathing and temperature, and perform special functions like excreting chemicals as a defence mechanism. Scientific study of the ecologically interesting karst forests of southwestern China has been limited, particularly in the English-language literature, making this study potentially valuable. Annu Rev Biochem. The shape of a bird's beak helps them to eat food as well as make nests. J Mol Biol. Bianchini A, Lauer MM, Nery LEM, Colares EP, Monserrat JM, Dos Santos Filho EA. Their habitats differ from cold microcosms of Antarctica to the geothermal volcanic areas, terrestrial to marine, highly . Carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency of six crops under wet and dryland conditions. Niche specialization of novel Thaumarchaeota to oxic and hypoxic acidic geothermal springs of Yellowstone National Park. 2014;111:823944. Mudflats are an important part of the intertidal zone and experience extreme and fluctuating temperatures. Extremophile Definition. a fluorescence transients were measured in the leaves from the branches collected as detailed above for photosynthetic gas exchange measurements using a Handy-PEA portable fluorometer (Hansatech Instruments Ltd., Norfolk, UK). Marusenko Y, Bates ST, Anderson I, Johnson SL, Soule T, Garcia-Pichel F. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria are structured by geography in biological soil crusts across North American arid lands. Rautiainen H, Alam M, Blackwell PG, Skarin A. Mov Ecol. Clauss M, Frey R, Kiefer B, Lechner-Doll M, Loehlein W, Polster C, Rssner GE, Streich WJ. Lebedeva EV, Hatzenpichler R, Pelletier E, Schuster N, Hauzmayer S, Bulaev A, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;560:4954. One of the most intriguing phenomena of alkaliphiles tha Further, the indigenous/native trees adapt well to their habitats, including plants in the most severely degraded karst habitat (Daxiagu in this study). Nucleic Acids Res.

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