On his second voyage, Cook used the K1 chronometer made by Larcum Kendall, which was the shape of a large pocket watch, 5 inches (13cm) in diameter. lire aussi : On 17 August 1770, having battled for hours to prevent the ship being dashed onto a reef, Cook expressed a little of the strain he was under, writing: Was it not for the pleasure which naturly [sic] results to a Man from being the first discoverer, even was it nothing more than sands and Shoals, this service would be insuportable [sic].. Cook joined the British merchant navy as a teenager and joined the Royal Navy in 1755. With no knowledge of whose country they were on or what resources they might find, the crew began work on emptying the ship and repairing the damage to her hull. His reports upon his return home put to rest the popular myth of Terra Australis. But Cook has quite a list of other exploration achievements: Cook sailed with orders to take possession of new territories in the name of the king of Great Britain "with the consent of the natives". [58] He unknowingly sailed past the Strait of Juan de Fuca and soon after entered Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island. After passing his examinations in 1752, he soon progressed through the merchant navy ranks, starting with his promotion in that year to mate aboard the collier brig Friendship. Elphicks 1974 Birth of a Nation continued the discovery and possession narrative, but acknowledged Indigenous people were in Australia beforehand: The first Australians came here at least 30,000 years ago, and for all but the last 200 years of this period enjoyed uninterrupted possession of the land they came to[] The white man, in fact, took a very long time to arrive. Cook's arrival coincided with the Makahiki, a Hawaiian harvest festival of worship for the Polynesian god Lono. Wright mentions some contact with Indigenous people at Botany Bay, but there is no mention of conflict. [46], Cook's journals were published upon his return, and he became something of a hero among the scientific community. From Tahiti, Cook sailed toHuahine, Bora Bora and Raiateabefore heading south-west in search of the Great South Land. Cook named the land he encountered New South Wales in an effort to counter any Dutch interest in what they had long called New Holland. It is not uncommon in a discussion about Captain Cook that someone will suggest that he was not even a captain when he charted the coast of Australia, that he was actually a lieutenant. Maria Nugent, Botany Bay: Where Histories Meet, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW, 2005. Aboriginal spears taken by Captain James Cook to be returned to Australia. Many of the ethnographic artefacts were collected at a time of first contact between Pacific Peoples and Europeans. Shortly after leaving Hawaii Island, however, Resolution's foremast broke, so the ships returned to Kealakekua Bay for repairs. [104] There is also a monument to Cook in the church of St Andrew the Great, St Andrew's Street, Cambridge, where his sons Hugh, a student at Christ's College, and James were buried. . Some teachers may have chosen to use critical inquiry to teach about Cooks expedition in year nine. 1770: Lieutenant James Cook claims east coast of Australia for Britain. William Bligh, Cook's sailing master, was given command of HMSBounty in 1787 to sail to Tahiti and return with breadfruit. [66][failed verification] Cook responded to the theft by attempting to kidnap and ransom the King of Hawaii, Kalanipuu. On 26 February 1606, the Dutch sailing ship Duyfken, captained by Janszoon, arrived off the Pennefather River in the Gulf of Carpentaria. [86] George Vancouver, one of Cook's midshipmen, led a voyage of exploration to the Pacific Coast of North America from 1791 to 1794. On 24 May, Cook and Banks and others went ashore. 1775 - The botanical name for Tea Tree oil is Melaleuca Alternifolia, Tea Tree oil was 1st named by captain James Cook the explorer who discovered Australia in 1775. However, while the Australians insist the Endeavour shipwreck discovery is the real . Joseph Banks Esq, the Royal Society's representative aboard Endeavour, had financed the considerable costs of his party of nine civilians and their extensive scientific equipment in the pursuit of undiscovered plants, animals and human societies. [13] In October and November 1755, he took part in Eagle's capture of one French warship and the sinking of another, following which he was promoted to boatswain in addition to his other duties. But while it is true that Cook was the first European to lay eyes on the east coast of the Australian landmass - and was certainly the explorer who finished the jigsaw of the Southern Hemisphere. He stopped at Bustard Bay (now known as Seventeen Seventy) on 23 May 1770. Everyone took their turn working the three functioning pumps to clear the water flowing in through the gash in the ships hull. The famous naturalists of Cook's voyage were Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander. James Cook was born in 1728 at Marton-in-Cleveland, Yorkshire, England. [43] Leaving the east coast, Cook turned west and nursed his battered ship through the dangerously shallow waters of Torres Strait. While Captain Cook has long been a polarising figure, it's argued he was neither hero nor villain. [79][80] Cook became the first European to have extensive contact with various people of the Pacific. "Myth, History and a Sense of Oneself". This was later changed to "Botanist Bay" and finally Botany Bay after the unique specimens retrieved by the botanists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander. The provenance of the collection shows that the objects remained in the hands of Cook's widow Elizabeth Cook, and her descendants, until 1886. The aims of this first expedition were to observe the 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun (3-4 June that year), and to seek evidence of the postulated Terra . JC Beaglehole (ed), The Journals of Captain James Cook on his Voyages of Discovery. A circular magnifying hand-lens mounted in an oval, mottled-green tortoise shell frame. This search was unsuccessful, for neither a northwest nor a northeast passage usable by sailing ships existed, and the voyage led to Cook's death. It's a piece of . After charting the east coast of Australia, Cook wrote that he had "failed in discovering the so-much-talked-of southern continent". Relations between Cook's crew and the people of Yuquot were cordial but sometimes strained. Ray Parkin, H.M. Bark Endeavour: Her Place in Australian history: With an Account of her Construction, Crew and Equipment and a Narrative of her Voyage on the East Coast of New Holland in the Year 1770: With Plans, Charts and Illustrations by the Author, Miegunyah Press, Carlton, Victoria, 2003. [114], The Australian slang phrase "Have a Captain Cook" means to have a look or conduct a brief inspection. Sydney Parkinson accompanied them as the illustrator. Correction: this article previously included the Hawke government in the years 1965-1979, while leaving out Menzies. James Cook's first Pacific voyage (1768-1771) was aboard the Endeavour and began on 27 May 1768. [15] But he could not be kept away from the sea. The first voyage of James Cook was a combined Royal Navy and Royal Society expedition to the south Pacific Ocean aboard HMS Endeavour, from 1768 to 1771.It was the first of three Pacific voyages of which James Cook was the commander. Captain Cook's 1768 Voyage to the South Pacific Included a Secret Mission The explorer traveled to Tahiti under the auspices of science 250 years ago, but his secret orders were to continue. At high tide the next evening the ship was winched off the coral using lengths of rope attached to the anchors that had been rowed out and positioned in readiness. [74], The Australian Museum acquired its "Cook Collection" in 1894 from the Government of New South Wales. Not only did Cook write about the Indigenous inhabitants of Australia, Ms Page said he disputed William Dampier's view that Australian Aboriginal people were the 'miserabalist people in the world'. Lawson Crescent Acton Peninsula, CanberraDaily 9am5pm, closed Christmas Day Freecall: 1800 026 132, Museum Cafe9am4pm, weekdays9am4.30pm, weekends. However, Australia wasn't really explored until 1770 when Captain James Cook explored the east coast and claimed it for Great Britain. But it wasn't terra nullius,. If you were at school after the second world war to the mid-1960s, Australia still had strong links to the British Empire. "What we should remember about Cook is that this was a pivotal moment in our history where two different cultures, two different knowledge systems, came head to head," Ms Page said. Born in North Yorkshire in 1728, as a teenager Cook signed on as a merchant seaman in the coastal coal trade. George Dixon, who sailed under Cook on his third expedition, later commanded his own. [67] He was first struck on the head with a club by a chief named Kalaimanokahoowaha or Kanaina (namesake of Charles Kana'ina) and then stabbed by one of the king's attendants, Nuaa. One of Kalanipuu's favourite wives, Kanekapolei, and two chiefs approached the group as they were heading to the boats. The most valuable items which the British received in trade were sea otter pelts. The two men, both eunuchs (as was the custom for captains), arrived in Australia in 1422 - Hong on the west coast, Zhou on the east - and spent several months exploring, landing in several places. Charting the east coast of Australia was an extraordinary feat that highlighted Cook's skills in navigation and cartography. They called the place Botany Bay because of the large number of new plants found. But in Australia: All Our Yesterdays (1999), author Meg Grey Blanden presented a benign account of Cook facing no resistance from Indigenous people: On a small island now named Possession Island, Cook performed the last and most important official task of his entire voyage. [20], His five seasons in Newfoundland produced the first large-scale and accurate maps of the island's coasts and were the first scientific, large scale, hydrographic surveys to use precise triangulation to establish land outlines. You can see other stories in the series here, and an interactive here. The blacks offered little resistance; they quickly stood off after being frightened by gun shots. He, like Cook was promoted to Lieutenant in 1779, and in 1791, commanding as Captain the flagship 330-tonne Discovery, with Lt. William Broughton (1762-1821) in the companion vessel called the Chatham. The crew found the land swampy and the people there hostile. In this year John Mackrell, the great-nephew of Isaac Smith, Elizabeth Cook's cousin, organised the display of this collection at the request of the NSW Government at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London. The spears are the last remaining of 40 gathered from Aboriginal people living around Kurnell at Kamay, also known as Botany Bay, where Captain Cook and his crew first set foot in Australia in 1770. Terra Nullius. A statue erected in his honour can be viewed near Admiralty Arch on the south side of The Mall in London. In the middle of August, the Endeavour reached the northern most point of the Australia continent, proving that the Torres Strait existed. "That possession meant a hell of a lot in 1788 that's when the really bad stuff happened," Ms Page said. He and the British government were eager to discover and annex the Great South Land long believed to lie in the uncharted waters of the Pacific. Throughout his service he demonstrated a talent for surveying and cartography and was responsible for mapping much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege, thus allowing General Wolfe to make his famous stealth attack during the 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham. [95] Another shuttle, Discovery, was named after Cook's HMSDiscovery. He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific, during which he achieved the first recorded . Alexander, and William Adams. The Royal Society of London, which had instigated the voyage, wished to take part in international scientific efforts to the discover the 'Astronomical Unit' the distance from the Earth to the Sun by sending Cook and an astronomer to Tahiti to observe the transit of Venus across the face of the Sun. The 250th anniversary of Cook's birth was marked at the site of his birthplace in Marton by the opening of the Captain Cook Birthplace Museum, located within Stewart Park (1978). The name Australia was popularised by Matthew Flinders following his circumnavigation of the continent in 1803. "It was part of a European effort to work out the size of the solar system," Dr Blyth said. "He said, 'The natives of New Holland, they may seem to be the most wretched people on Earth, but in fact they are the happiest people I have ever witnessed'," Ms Page said. pp. He sighted the Oregon coast at approximately 4430 north latitude, naming Cape Foulweather, after the bad weather which forced his ships south to about 43 north before they could begin their exploration of the coast northward. The little place he docked in later decided to name itself after the year of Cook's arrival. On 29 April 1770, explorer James Cook arrived in Australia. [125] While a number of commentators argue that Cook was an enabler of British colonialism in the Pacific,[119][126] Geoffrey Blainey, among others, notes that it was Banks who promoted Botany Bay as a site for colonisation after Cook's death. (2014) 'Captain cook came very cheeky you know . He mapped lands from New Zealand to Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean in greater detail and on a scale not previously charted by Western explorers. [73] The expedition returned home, reaching England in October 1780. Many of these specimens and illustrations survive today as a heritage of the botanical discovery of Australia. [96], The first institution of higher education in North Queensland, Australia, was named after him, with James Cook University opening in Townsville in 1970. (ed.). After several false starts, HMB Endeavour re-entered the waters of the Great Barrier Reef on 4 August 1770 and spent 18 dangerous days and nights at the mercy of sudden wind shifts and strong tides as her captain picked a path through the shoals, sandbanks and coral reefs. Cook's third and final voyage (1776-1779) of discovery was an attempt to locate a North-West Passage, an ice-free sea route which linked the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Cook and his team took away at least 40 spears from their traditional owners. That would have been the expeditions longest pause on the coast had the Endeavour not stuck fast on a coral outcrop of the Great Barrier Reef at high tide late in the evening of 10 June 1770 off what is now Cooktown in far north Queensland. They lost ten of their crew during various expeditions ashore. [11] The couple had six children: James (17631794), Nathaniel (17641780, lost aboard HMSThunderer which foundered with all hands in a hurricane in the West Indies), Elizabeth (17671771), Joseph (17681768), George (17721772) and Hugh (17761793, who died of scarlet fever while a student at Christ's College, Cambridge). "In the lead up to this commemoration, we've only just started to hear the other side of the story, which is the story from the shore," Ms Page said. He then resumed his southward course in a second fruitless attempt to find the supposed continent. Some of Cook's remains, thus preserved, were eventually returned to his crew for a formal burial at sea. [123] There were also campaigns for the return of Indigenous artefacts taken during Cook's voyages (see Gweagal shield). Longitude was more difficult to measure accurately because it requires precise knowledge of the time difference between points on the surface of the earth. [27], The expedition sailed aboard HMSEndeavour, departing England on 26 August 1768. During the stay, the Yuquot "hosts" essentially controlled the trade with the British vessels; the natives usually visited the British vessels at Resolution Cove instead of the British visiting the village of Yuquot at Friendly Cove. Most people said they learnt Cook discovered Australia especially if they were at school before the 1990s. It was a copy of the H4 clock made by John Harrison, which proved to be the first to keep accurate time at sea when used on the ship Deptford's journey to Jamaica in 176162. Getty Images. Cook's son George was born five days before he left for his second voyage. In Beckett, J. R. The National Museum has partnered with the ABC in an ABC iview series featuring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people sharing the original names of the places Captain Cook renamed on his voyage of the east coast. Cook mapped the east coast of Australia - this paved the way for British settlement 18 years later. First Voyage of Captain James Cook. The man to undertake the search obviously was Cook, and in July 1776 he went off again on the Resolution, with another Whitby ship, the Discovery. [15] He then joined the frigate HMS Solebay as master under Captain Robert Craig. [8] In 1755, within a month of being offered command of this vessel, he volunteered for service in the Royal Navy, when Britain was re-arming for what was to become the Seven Years' War. Unlike Dutch explorers, who deemed the land of doubtful . When not at sea, Cook lived in the East End of London. Cook's log was full of praise for this time-piece which he used to make charts of the southern Pacific Ocean that were so remarkably accurate that copies of them were still in use in the mid-20th century. [68][69] The Hawaiians carried his body away towards the back of the town, still visible to the ship through their spyglass. On his return voyage to New Zealand in 1774, Cook landed at the Friendly Islands, Easter Island, Norfolk Island, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. At this point, the king began to understand that Cook was his enemy. [77] He succeeded in circumnavigating the world on his first voyage without losing a single man to scurvy, an unusual accomplishment at the time. He anchored near the First Nations village of Yuquot. Captain Cook in the Town of 1770. She recently travelled the east coast speaking to Indigenous people for a film about Cook's voyage, told from an Aboriginal perspective. The limits of the east coast of New Holland however, were unknown, and Cook was eager to determine whether the strait shown on many maps separating the continent from New Guinea actually existed. Sydney Parkinson was heavily involved in documenting the botanists' findings, completing 264 drawings before his death near the end of the voyage. Wiki User 2009-08-11 . In 1779, during Cook's third exploratory voyage in the Pacific, tensions escalated between his men and the natives of Hawaii, leading to Cook's death during his attempt to kidnap the island's ruling chief. Artists also sailed on Cook's first voyage. Determined to beat the monsoon winds and with stores running low, Cook stopped only briefly along the way to replenish the ships supplies of wood, water and, where possible, food. At this time, Cook employed local pilots to point out the "rocks and hidden dangers" along the south and west coasts. This has now been corrected. In 1887 the London-based Agent-General for the New South Wales Government, Saul Samuel, bought John Mackrell's items and also acquired items belonging to the other relatives Reverend Canon Frederick Bennett, Mrs Thomas Langton, H.M.C. [4][85] Cook's second expedition included William Hodges, who produced notable landscape paintings of Tahiti, Easter Island, and other locations. Published Feb. 4, 2022 Updated Feb. 8, 2022. crivez un article et rejoignez une communaut de plus de 160 500 universitaires et chercheurs de 4 573 institutions. Maria Nugent, Captain Cook was Here, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Port Melbourne, 2009. 04/19/2020. [94] In addition, the first Crew Dragon capsule flown by SpaceX was named for Endeavour. Thus longitude corresponds to time: 15 degrees every hour, or 1 degree every 4 minutes. Ms Page is sceptical that Cook even planted the flag on Possession Island, suggesting the event was perhaps invented for convenience. A granite vase just to the south of the museum marks the approximate spot where he was born. [98] Aoraki / Mount Cook, the highest summit in New Zealand, is named for him. Cook was taken on as a merchant navy apprentice in their small fleet of vessels, plying coal along the English coast. Again, Cook commanded the Resolution while Charles Clerke commanded Discovery. Most tended to focus on the more complicated 20th century history of world wars and progress in year nine and ten syllabuses. The voyage was ostensibly planned to return the Pacific Islander Omai to Tahiti, or so the public was led to believe. TV presenter Mikey Robins and senior curator Michelle Hetherington discuss a cannon jettisoned by Cook when the Endeavour struck a reef off northern Queensland. [5] For leisure, he would climb a nearby hill, Roseberry Topping, enjoying the opportunity for solitude. Two Gweagal men of the Dharawal / Eora nation opposed their landing and in the confrontation one of them was shot and wounded. (2 minutes) SYDNEYHistorians have long puzzled over the whereabouts of a ship sailed by an explorer who is credited with mapping Australia's east coast and claiming the . Activists called for their return to Australia, where Gweagal folk use similar multi-pronged fishing spears, for display in a visitor centre. [7] The Walkers, who were Quakers, were prominent local ship-owners in the coal trade. James Cook statue recovered from Victoria Harbour; what's next is undecided", "Captain Cook wasn't a 'genocidal' villain. [52], Upon his return, Cook was promoted to the rank of post-captain and given an honorary retirement from the Royal Navy, with a posting as an officer of the Greenwich Hospital. To Cathcart, it makes far more sense to imagine an alternate reality of a colonised Australia more akin to a colonised Africa, carved up and ruled by rival colonial powers over a period of time. Once the observations were completed, Cook opened the sealed orders, which were additional instructions from the Admiralty for the second part of his voyage: to search the south Pacific for signs of the postulated rich southern continent of Terra Australis. He surveyed and named features, and recorded islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. [99] Another Mount Cook is on the border between the U.S. state of Alaska and the Canadian Yukon territory, and is designated Boundary Peak 182 as one of the official Boundary Peaks of the HayHerbert Treaty. Tangonge, a wooden carving of a tiki (an ancestor or god image), was discovered near the town of Kaitaia in 1920. Cook was a subject in many literary creations. [76] To create accurate maps, latitude and longitude must be accurately determined. [66][failed verification] As Cook turned his back to help launch the boats, he was struck on the head by the villagers and then stabbed to death as he fell on his face in the surf. Captain Cook first set foot in Australia on a beach at Botany Bay in Sydney's south, where he and his crew's arrival was challenged by two men from the Gweagal clan of the Dharawal peoples, the traditional owners of the land. Cook sailed south and west from Tahiti, but upon finding nothing he made for New Zealand, which he knew Abel Tasman had visited almost 120 years earlier. But the truth, as ever, is a little more complicated. This website contains names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. "It's interesting this word 'discovery', because I think we are going to go on a journey of discovery," she said. They pleaded with the king not to go. (1768 - 1771) James Cook's first voyage circumnavigated the globe in the ship Endeavour, giving the botanists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander the opportunity to collect plants from previously unexplored habitats. Cartographer, navigator und captain: James Cook helped make the British Empire a world power. Cook's statue in Sydney has long been criticised by Indigenous groups because the inscription on the base asserts the British explorer "discovered" Australia on his arrival in 1770. [4], His three-year apprenticeship completed, Cook began working on trading ships in the Baltic Sea. But Alison Page said the most important detail about Cook's voyage to Australia is that it marked the beginning of a relationship between two long-separated cultures. Many Australians have long seen Captain Cook's landing story as a foundational event in Australia's modern history. University of Tasmania apporte un financement en tant que membre adhrent de TheConversation AU. [72] He died of tuberculosis on 22 August 1779 and John Gore, a veteran of Cook's first voyage, took command of Resolution and of the expedition. [22], Following on from his exertions in Newfoundland, Cook wrote that he intended to go not only "farther than any man has been before me, but as far as I think it is possible for a man to go". He named it New South Wales. "I grew up thinking Captain Cook was the bogeyman and that he was responsible for the displacement of my people and our culture.". Depending on when you went to school, you may have learnt differently about Captain Cooks role in Australian history. He then turned north to South Africa and from there continued back to England. The Endeavour slowly made for shore, a fothering sail pulled over the damaged portion of the hull reducing the inflow of water. [119][120] In the lead-up to the commemorations, various memorials to Cook in Australia and New Zealand were vandalised, and there were public calls for their removal or modification due to their alleged promotion of colonialist narratives. He travelled to the Pacific and hoped to travel east to the Atlantic, while a simultaneous voyage travelled the opposite route. He also proved some theories to be wrong. Cook's expedition circumnavigated the globe at an extreme southern latitude, becoming one of the first to cross the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773. [9], Cook married Elizabeth Batts, the daughter of Samuel Batts, keeper of the Bell Inn in Wapping[10] and one of his mentors, on 21 December 1762 at St Margaret's Church, Barking, Essex. "[33], Endeavour continued northwards along the coastline, keeping the land in sight with Cook charting and naming landmarks as he went. The records are vague and traditional owners in the region told Ms Page it was virtually impossible to land on the island at the time of year Cook supposedly did. Courtesy National Library of Australia. Cook wasn't even the first Englishman to arrive here William Dampier set foot on the peninsula that now bears his name, north of Broome, in 1688. [30], Cook then sailed to New Zealand where he mapped the complete coastline, making only some minor errors. Walking Together is taking a look at our nation's reconciliation journey, where we've been and asks the question where do we go next? [57] After his initial landfall in January 1778 at Waimea harbour, Kauai, Cook named the archipelago the "Sandwich Islands" after the fourth Earl of Sandwichthe acting First Lord of the Admiralty. Captain James Cook's HMS Endeavour was believed to have been deliberately sunk during the American Revolution off the coast of Rhode Island. [9][14], In June 1757 Cook formally passed his master's examinations at Trinity House, Deptford, qualifying him to navigate and handle a ship of the King's fleet. [15], By the second week of August 1778, Cook was through the Bering Strait, sailing into the Chukchi Sea. "He was a captain on his final voyage, lieutenant on his first voyage, and a commander on his second," Dr Blythe said. In 1741, after five years' schooling, he began work for his father, who had been promoted to farm manager. Cook would search for Terra Incognita Australis during his second voyage, sailing further south than any known before him. [47], Shortly after his return from the first voyage, Cook was promoted in August 1771 to the rank of commander. Two botanists, Joseph Banks and the Swede Daniel Solander, sailed on the first voyage. Cook landed several times, most notably at Botany Bay and at Possession Island in the north, where on August 23 he claimed the land, naming it New South Wales. Who discovered Captain Cook Australia? The wreck of the ship that enabled this voyage is now believed to have been found off the coast of the US state of Rhode Island in Newport Harbor, say Australian researchers, as reported by DW. The HMS Endeavour is the famous ship that Captain James Cook used on the first expedition to Australia in 1768 AD. Were asking researchers to reflect on what happened and how it shapes us today. [113], In 1931, Kenneth Slessor's poem "Five Visions of Captain Cook" was the "most dramatic break-through" in Australian poetry of the 20th century according to poet Douglas Stewart. It has been argued (most extensively by Marshall Sahlins) that such coincidences were the reasons for Cook's (and to a limited extent, his crew's) initial deification by some Hawaiians who treated Cook as an incarnation of Lono. "It's interesting how mixed up most Australians get about 1770 and 1788.". What Australians often get wrong about our most (in)famous explorer, Captain Cook. The collection remained with the Colonial Secretary of NSW until 1894, when it was transferred to the Australian Museum.[75]. But the real significance of Cook's claim was borne out when the First Fleet arrived under Arthur Phillip in 1788. In Conquering the Continent (1961), C.H. CAPTAIN James Cook landed in Australia on April 29, 1770, after an eventful voyage from England aboard Endeavor. He headed northeast up the coast of Alaska until he was blocked by sea ice at a latitude of 7044 north. 2013", "Cook Collection, History of Acquisition", "Captain Cook Cook's Chronometer English and Media Literacy, Documentaries", "The Method Taken for Preserving the Health of the Crew of His Majesty's Ship the Resolution during Her Late Voyage Round the World", "The Endeavour Botanical Illustrations at the Natural History Museum", "Biography: William Bligh | Royal Naval Museum at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard", "Captain Cook's little corner of Hawaii under threat from new golf", "Astronauts name SpaceX spaceship 'Endeavour' after retired shuttle", "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Cook on Moon", "Aoraki Mount Cook National Park & Mt Cook Village, New Zealand", "Map of Mount Cook, Yukon, Mountain Canada Geographical Names Maps", "Sydney to get new Captain Cook memorial as part of $50m revamp", "CCS Cook Monument at the Vache, Chalfont St Giles Access Restored", "The Captain Cook Birthplace Museum, Marton, Middlesbrough, UK", "Captain Cook and the Captain Cook Trail", "Cooktown's Indigenous people help commemorate 250 years since Captain Cook's landing with re-enactment", "Life of Forgotten Poet Letitia Elizabeth Landon", "Australian slang: 33 phrases to help you talk like an Aussie", "250th anniversary of Captain Cook's voyage to Australia", "Commemorating Captain James Cook's arrival, Australia should not omit his role in the suffering that followed", "New Zealand wrestles with 250th anniversary of James Cook's arrival", "Australia debates Captain Cook 'discovery' statue", "Captain James Cook statue defaced in Gisborne", "Capt.
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