Explain. It is a salt compound that will dissociate in a 1:1 ratio of anilinium cations and fluoride anions: Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Answer = if4+ isPolar What is polarand non-polar? A byproduct of the pickling process changes the flavor of the vegetables with the acid making them taste sour. Gerhard Domagk identified as an antibacterial a red azo dye, introduced in 1935 as the first antibacterial drug, prontosil, soon found at Pasteur Institute to be a prodrug degraded in vivo into sulfanilamide a colorless intermediate for many, highly colorfast azo dyes already with an expired patent, synthesized in 1908 in Vienna by the researcher Paul Gelmo for his doctoral research. We frequently see the formula of this ion simply as Al3+(aq), without explicitly noting the six water molecules that are the closest ones to the aluminum ion and just describing the ion as being solvated in water (hydrated). Explain. The first azo dye was aniline yellow. Is a solution with H3O+ = 1 x 10-8 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Calculate the ionization constant for each of the following acids or bases from the ionization constant of its conjugate base or conjugate acid:C6H5NH3+OpenStax is a registered trademark, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.If you don't have the OpenStax \"Chemistry: Atoms First\" textbook, here is a link in which you can download it for FREE!https://d3bxy9euw4e147.cloudfront.net/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/ChemistryAtomsFirst2e-OP_T2wT7wj.pdfSUBSCRIBE if you'd like to see more solutions for your textbook!https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2C34WdYMOm47PkWovvzLpw?sub_confirmation=1Want us as your private tutor? Explain. Sketch a titration curve of a strong acid and a strong base. salts. Sketch the region enclosed by y=27x and y=8x^4. Explain why different parts of the Earth have different climates. Createyouraccount. What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.163 M solution of aniline hydrochloride at 25.0C given that the value of Kb for aniline is 4.3001010? [7] It is toxic to humans. Predict whether the solution of the following will be acidic, basic, or neutral, and explain the answer. Is a solution with H3O+ = 5.87 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Is a solution with H3O+ = 1.6 x 10-9 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Jimmy aaja, jimmy aaja. 2 no2 + h20 gives hno3 + hno2. Aniline and its ring-substituted derivatives react with nitrous acid to form diazonium salts. . You're left with an amine and the hydronium ion for products. Determine whether each of the following salts will form a solution that is acidic, basic, or pH-neutral. Can I use this word like this: The addressal by the C.E.O. Is calcium oxide an ionic or covalent bond . C 6 H 5 NH 2 + H 2 O <-> C 6 H 5 NH 3+ + OH -. Explain. Is a solution with H3O+ = 1.7 x 10-8 M acidic, basic, or neutral? We determine Kb as follows: \[K_\ce{b}=\ce{\dfrac{[CH3CO2H][OH- ]}{[CH3CO2- ]}}=5.610^{10} \nonumber \], \[=\dfrac{[\ce{CH3CO2H}](2.510^{6})}{(0.050)}=5.610^{10} \nonumber \]. Aniline is an amine that is used to manufacture dyes. Hence, option (c) is the correct choice. (For aniline, C6H5NH2, Kb = 3.8010-10.) CN^ + H2O gives HCN + OH^ . Is an aqueous solution of NH4NO2 acidic, basic, or neutral? What is the conjugate base for #"H"_2"S"#? When we neutralize a weak base with a strong acid, the product is a salt containing the conjugate acid of the weak base. Is a solution with OH- = 5.3 x 10-12 M acidic, basic, or neutral? The value of K a is used to calculate the pH of weak acids.The pK a value is used to choose a buffer when needed. If you add acid (even weak acetic acid) they fizz. [40] Rats exposed to aniline in drinking water, showed a significant increase in oxidative DNA damage to the spleen, detected as a 2.8-fold increase in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in their DNA. It is also dense, and can be stored for extended periods. The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was also performed as part of reductions by Antoine Bchamp in 1854, using iron as the reductant (Bechamp reduction). When C6H5NH3+ reacts with H2O, it gives off a positively charged Hydrogen ion that forms hydronium ion (H3O+). How do you determine the formula for the conjugate base of #HSO_4^(-)#? What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? How can I identify conjugate acids and bases? Illustrative of the drugs prepared from aniline is paracetamol (acetaminophen, Tylenol). Occasionally the weak acid and the weak base will have the, Do the calculations and show that the hydronium ion concentration for a 0.233-, What is the hydronium ion concentration in a 0.100-, The \(\ce{NH4+}\) ion is acidic and the Cl, The \(\ce{NH4+}\) ion is listed as being acidic, and the F, \[K_\ce{a}=\ce{\dfrac{[H3O+][Al(H2O)5(OH)^2+]}{[Al(H2O)6^3+]}} \nonumber \]. Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 0.00375 M acidic, basic, or neutral? [7], In commerce, three brands of aniline are distinguished: aniline oil for blue, which is pure aniline; aniline oil for red, a mixture of equimolecular quantities of aniline and ortho- and para-toluidines; and aniline oil for safranine, which contains aniline and ortho-toluidine and is obtained from the distillate (chapps) of the fuchsine fusion. Is a solution with H+ = 8.3 x 10-10 M acidic, basic, or neutral? The \(\ce{C6H5NH3+}\) ion is the conjugate acid of a weak base. This means that an aqueous solution of such a compound will have the dissociated ions participate in acid-base (proton transfer) reactions with water molecules. {C6H5NH3+}\) is the stronger acid (a) (b) . Choosing an acid or base where pK a is close to the pH needed gives the best results. For example, ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a salt formed by the reaction of the weak base ammonia with the strong acid HCl: \[\ce{NH3}(aq)+\ce{HCl}(aq)\ce{NH4Cl}(aq) \nonumber \]. Is a solution with OH- = 1.6 x 10-3 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain. Is a solution with OH- = 1.1 x 10-11 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Consisting of a phenyl group (C6H5) attached to an amino group (NH2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. Identify the following solution as acidic, basic, or neutral. 18.6 Calculating pH in Strong Acid or Strong Base Solutions (Video) 18.7 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs (Video) 18.8 Calculating the pH of Weak Acids and Weak Bases (Video) 18.9 Solving when X is not Small (Video) Chapter 18: Acid / Base Chemistry is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Is C6H5NH2 an acid or a base? [36][37] The IARC lists it in Group 3 (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) due to the limited and contradictory data available. [24][25] In 1842, Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin reduced nitrobenzene and obtained a base that he named benzidam. Explain. Bicarbonate solutions are weakly basic. For example, sodium acetate, NaCH3CO2, is a salt formed by the reaction of the weak acid acetic acid with the strong base sodium hydroxide: \[\ce{CH3CO2H}(aq)+\ce{NaOH}(aq)\ce{NaCH3CO2}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(aq) \nonumber \]. The hydroxide ions generated in this equilibrium then go on to react with the hydronium ions from the stomach acid, so that : This reaction does not produce carbon dioxide, but magnesium-containing antacids can have a laxative effect. Methylamine (CH3NH2) is considered a weak base. 1. The reaction, \[CaCO_3(s)+2HCl(aq)CaCl_2(aq)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g) \nonumber \]. Why was the decision Roe v. Wade important for feminists? HCO + HO HCO + OH Water is a weak base, but it is a base, so it can . The beneficial bacteria feed on starches in the cucumber and produce lactic acid as a waste product in a process called fermentation. [7], Aniline was first isolated in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben by destructive distillation of indigo. CH_3COONa. not only neutralizes stomach acid, it also produces CO2(g), which may result in a satisfying belch. What is it conjugate base? Posterior Thigh _____ 4. Answer = SiCl2F2 is Polar What is polarand non-polar? Which ion is the conjugate base of #H_3PO_4#? Diaphragm _____ 3. As we have seen in the section on chemical reactions, when an acid and base are mixed, they undergo a neutralization reaction. Determine whether a 0.0100 M C6H5NH3F solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. First, benzene is nitrated with a concentrated mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid at 50 to 60C to yield nitrobenzene. When we ran this reaction, there was excess weak base in solution with . The new step in this example is to determine Ka for the \(\ce{C6H5NH3+}\) ion. Is a solution with OH- = 2.2 x 10-2 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Thank you for your participation! This video gives an overview of acids and bases; the second half is about conjugate pairs: Simple, easy to understand can be on this site http://www.chemteam.info/AcidBase/Conjugate-Pairs.html. [32] Medications in high demand during World War II (193945), these first miracle drugs, chemotherapy of wide effectiveness, propelled the American pharmaceutics industry. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Table of Acid and Base Strength . Is a solution with H+ = 1.2 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? It turns out that fish have volatile amines (bases) in their systems, which are neutralized by the acids to yield involatile ammonium salts. After World War II, Cornelius P. Rhoads introduced the chemotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment. ), How to make a New Post (submit a question) and use Equation Editor (click for details), How to Subscribe to a Forum, Subscribe to a Topic, and Bookmark a Topic (click for details), Multimedia Attachments (click for details), Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions, Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy, Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation, Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals, Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms, Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations, Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding), *Liquid Structure (Viscosity, Surface Tension, Liquid Crystals, Ionic Liquids), *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism), Coordination Compounds and their Biological Importance, Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands, *Molecular Orbital Theory Applied To Transition Metals, Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Acids, Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Bases, Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw, Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases, Chem 14A Uploaded Files (Worksheets, etc. Acids are molecular covalent compounds which you don't expect to ionize (release an #H^+# and leave behind the conjugate base, or #Cl^-# for example). What are the 4 major sources of law in Zimbabwe? It is isolated as aniline hydrochloride, \(\ce{[C6H5NH3+]Cl}\), a salt prepared by the reaction of the weak base aniline and hydrochloric acid. Explain. Answer true or false to the following statements about the mechanism of acid-base reactions. The principal use of aniline in the dye industry is as a precursor to indigo, the blue of blue jeans. Double Displacement (Acid-Base) List of Acids C 6 H 5 NH 3 + List of Bases OH-Reactants. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Address: 9241 13th Ave SW What this means is that the aluminum ion has the strongest interactions with the six closest water molecules (the so-called first solvation shell), even though it does interact with the other water molecules surrounding this \(\ce{Al(H2O)6^3+}\) cluster as well: \[\ce{Al(NO3)3}(s)+\ce{6H2O}(l)\ce{Al(H2O)6^3+}(aq)+\ce{3NO3-}(aq) \nonumber \]. In a solution of a salt formed by the reaction of a weak acid and a weak base, to predict the pH, we must know both the Ka of the weak acid and the Kb of the weak base. Considering the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory, identify each species in the following reaction as an acid or a base. We calculated the new concentrations of the buffer acid and base after the neutralization reaction was run and then used the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to evaluate the pH. Will Al(NO3)3 form a solution that is acidic, basic, or neutral? The conjugate acid of the strong base is a weaker acid than water and has no effect on the acidity of the resulting solution. Give the conjugate acid of 2 HPO4 ? The observed geometry reflects a compromise between two competing factors: 1) stabilization of the N lone pair in an orbital with significant s character favors pyramidalization (orbitals with s character are lower in energy), while 2) delocalization of the N lone pair into the aryl ring favors planarity (a lone pair in a pure p orbital gives the best overlap with the orbitals of the benzene ring system). As pH of buffer solution is 11.43 ,so base/ conjugate acid pair chosen. Example \(\PageIndex{1}\): pH of a Solution of a Salt of a Weak Base and a Strong Acid, Example \(\PageIndex{2}\): Equilibrium of a Salt of a Weak Acid and a Strong Base, Equilibrium in a Solution of a Salt of a Weak Acid and a Weak Base, Example \(\PageIndex{3}\): Determining the Acidic or Basic Nature of Salts, Example \(\PageIndex{4}\): Hydrolysis of [Al(H2O)6]3+, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Predict whether a salt solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral, Calculate the concentrations of the various species in a salt solution, Describe the process that causes solutions of certain metal ions to be acidic, A strong acid and a strong base, such as HCl(. It could contain either an excess of hydronium ions or an excess of hydroxide ions because the nature of the salt formed determines whether the solution is acidic, neutral, or basic. Acid. 96% Satisfaction rate 49547 Orders Deliver x. c6h5nh2 express your answer as a chemical formula. Is a solution with H+ = 2.7 x 10-9 M acidic, basic, or neutral? N-Methylation of aniline with methanol at elevated temperatures over acid catalysts gives N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline: N-Methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline are colorless liquids with boiling points of 193195C and 192C, respectively. Check the work. Es ridculo que t ______ (tener) un resfriado en verano. Explain. The acetate ion behaves as a base in this reaction; hydroxide ions are a product. Explain. How much work does it take to change the displacement, working against the force, from 0.730m0.730 \mathrm{~m}0.730m to 1.35m1.35 \mathrm{~m}1.35m. Organic Chemistry 331- Sapling Learning CH 3, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. As a bronstead base it will accept a proton from a donor such as in the reaction below: HCl + CH3NH2 ----> Cl- + CH3NH. Explain. K a is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction of a weak acid.A weak acid is one that only partially dissociates in water or an aqueous solution. Legal. Acid is a proton donor. Formula. Kauna unahang parabula na inilimbag sa bhutan? C6H5NH3+ Ka = 2.50 x 10-5. What are the conjugate acid and base of water? Therefore that leaves C6H5NH2 without that hydrogen ion to be neutral. Question = Is SiCl2F2polar or nonpolar ? Ionization increases as the charge of the metal ion increases or as the size of the metal ion decreases. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. [7], Aniline has been implicated as one possible cause of forest dieback. They only report ionization constants for acids. Because not all the molecules of it react with water ions and produce OH - ions, most of them stay together, only, a few molecules do interact with water, Therefore, the amount of OH - ions produced in an aqueous solution . How would you identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and the conjugate base in the following equation: HClO4+H2O --> H3O+ClO4? It thus participates more rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Is a solution with H3O+ = 0.000571 M acidic, basic, or neutral? A weak acid and a strong base yield a weakly basic solution. Explain. Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 8.60 x 10-10 M acidic, basic, or neutral? However, practically all hydrated metal ions other than those of the alkali metals ionize to give acidic solutions. Is a solution with H3O+ = 1.0 x 10-14 M acidic, basic, or neutral? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Explain. There are 6 that most consider to be the "STRONG" acids: HCl, HI, HBr, HNO_3#, H_2SO_4# and HClO_4#. Aniline reacts with strong acids to form the anilinium (or phenylammonium) ion (C6H5NH+3).[18]. Industrial aniline production involves two steps. Aniline was later replaced by hydrazine. The fourth column has the following: 0, x, x. Name the major nerves that serve the following body areas? 5 Answers There is no word like addressal. Its acetate is used in the aniline acetate test for carbohydrates, identifying pentoses by conversion to furfural. Question = Is IF4-polar or nonpolar ? There are a number of examples of acid-base chemistry in the culinary world. The equilibrium equation for this reaction is the ionization constant, Kb, for the base \(\ce{CH3CO2-}\). Is a solution with H3O+ = 1.5 x 10-10 M acidic, basic, or neutral? How do you determine conjugate acid-base pairs? (Its conjugate base is the weak base aniline, C6H5NH2.) A weak acid plus a weak base can yield either an acidic, basic, or neutral solution. Explain. Thus, I-will lose H+ ions easier than Cl-, although both are strong acids. Get started with your FREE initial assessment!https://glasertutoring.com/contact/#AcidsAndBases #KwChemistry #OpenStaxChemistry Chemistry 12 Provincial Exam Review Prescribed Learning Outcomes with Selected Questions from Past Provincial Exams Chemistry 12 Provincial Exam Review Page 1 CHEMISTRY This is most easily seen when they dissociate in water: #H_2SO_4# + #H_2O# => #HSO_4^-# + #H_3O^+#. What is the conjugate acid of #H_2NCH_2CH_2CH_2OH#? Calculate the equilibrium constant, K b, for this reaction. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Suppose a solution has (H3O+) = 1 x 10-13 M and (OH-) = 1 x 10-1 M. Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral? The strong bases are listed at the bottom right . Aniline (C6H5NH2) is a weak base and can be represented by the following equation: C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ + OH-The Kb expression for aniline is: Kb = [C6H5NH3+][OH-] / [C6H5NH2] . The sodium ion has no effect on the acidity of the solution. There are a number of examples of acid-base chemistry in the culinary world. How can you tell conjugate acid and base pairs apart? As with other polyprotic acids, the hydrated aluminum ion ionizes in stages, as shown by: \[\ce{Al(H2O)6^3+}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(l)\ce{H3O+}(aq)+\ce{Al(H2O)5(OH)^2+}(aq) \nonumber \], \[\ce{Al(H2O)5(OH)^2+}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(l)\ce{H3O+}(aq)+\ce{Al(H2O)4(OH)2+}(aq) \nonumber \], \[\ce{Al(H2O)4(OH)2+}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(l)\ce{H3O+}(aq)+\ce{Al(H2O)3(OH)3}(aq) \nonumber \]. What is the conjugate acid-base relationship of (H2PO4)- and (HPO4)-? A conjugate base contains one less H atom and one more - charge than the acid that formed it. Is a solution with H+ = 7.8 x 10-3 M acidic, basic, or neutral? This means that an aqueous solution of such a compound will have the dissociated ions participate in acid-base (proton transfer) reactions with water molecules. The second column is blank. Consider of the following two acids and their ionization constants. Again a very nice app. They often are prepared by nitration of the substituted aromatic compounds followed by reduction. (c) During an acid-base reaction the lone pair on the base fills the A-H . What are the #"conjugate acids"# of #HO^-#, #HCO_3^(-)#, #HPO_4^(2-)#, and #CO_3^(2-)# ions? The base which a certain acid turns into.Every acid had a conjugate base:HX (acid) X- (conjugate base)The acid is also called the base's conjugate acid. Express your answer in terms of x. Justify your answers. Does this mean addressing to a crowd? [38], Many methods exist for the detection of aniline.[39]. However, since the Ka > Kb, the solution must be acidic. Determine whether a 0.0100 M {eq}C_6H_5NH_3F What is the conjugate base of #"phosphoric acid"#, #H_3PO_4#? Explain. NaHCO3 is a base. * Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project Its high reactivity reflects that it is an enamine, which enhances the electron-donating ability of the ring. Is a solution with OH- = 1 x 10-6 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Exposure of rats to aniline can elicit a response that is toxic to the spleen, including a tumorigenic response. A. Salts are composed of related numbers of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge). Explain how you know. Answer link. Salts of Weak Acids and Strong Bases. The conjugate base of HBr is Br - which is too weak to function as a base in water. Why are weak acids and bases poor electrical conductors? This has been going on for about a week Every time I try to watch a video on Youtube from my laptop I get instantly redirected to "gslbeacon.ligit.com." What is the pH of a 0.233 M solution of aniline hydrochloride? ClO 4 -Perchlorate ion. C6H5NH3+ + H2O > C6H5NH2 + H3O+. acid: C6H5NH3+" base: H2O conjugate acid: H30+ conjugate base: C6H5NH2 Am I correct? The nitrogen is described as having high p character. Is a solution with OH- = 5.2 x 10-3 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Is a solution with OH- = 1.99 x 10-7 M acidic, basic, or neutral? HCO + HO HCO + OH. Base. Explain. A conjugate acid contains one more H atom and one more + charge than the base that formed it. In the following acid-base reaction, how would you identify the acid, base, and their conjugate acids and bases: NH4+ + HCO3- --> NH3 + H2CO3? We will not find a value of Ka for the ammonium ion in Table E1. What are the conjugate acid and base of #NH_3#? In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Calculate the pH of a solution of 0.157 M pyridine. Your email address will not be published. As we noted previously, acids and bases react chemically with each other to form. Explain. Is a 1.0 M KBr solution acidic, basic, or neutral? However, even if we mix stoichiometrically equivalent quantities, we may find that the resulting solution is not neutral. (b) All collisions between acids and bases result in proton transfer. What is the conjugate acid of C6H5NH2 What formula do you use to calculate pH when given the molarity of an acid? Today, the name of BASF, originally Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (English: Baden Aniline and Soda Factory), now the largest chemical supplier, echoes the legacy of the synthetic dye industry, built via aniline dyes and extended via the related azo dyes. Explain. What is the conjugate base? Is a solution with H+ = 4.3 x 10-5 acidic, basic, or neutral? Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Explain. Question: Is calcium oxidean ionic or covalent bond ? The second column has the header of A l ( H subscript 2 O ) subscript 6 superscript 3 positive sign plus H subscript 2 O equilibrium arrow H subscript 3 O superscript positive sign plus A l ( H subscript 2 O ) subscript 5 ( O H ) superscript 2 positive sign. Under the second column is a subgroup of four columns and three rows. Organic bases are classified as bases because they act as proton acceptors and react with acids to form salts. Explain. Classify these as acidic, basic or neutral solution: A) [OH^+] = 1.0 x 10^-7M B) [OH^+] 1.0 x 10^-7 M C) [OH^+] = 1.0 x 10^-10 M D)[H_3O^+] = 1.0 x 10^-10 M E) [H_3O^+] = 1.0 x 10^-7 M F) [, Identify whether a solution of each of the following is either acidic, basic or neutral. Youre left with an amine and the hydronium ion for products. The burning sensation associated with heartburn is a result of the acid of the stomach leaking through the muscular valve at the top of the stomach into the lower reaches of the esophagus. "Beschreibung einiger neuer organischer Basen, dargestellt durch die Einwirkung des Schwefelwasserstoffes auf Verbindungen der Kohlenwasserstoffe mit Untersalpetersure" (Description of some new organic bases, produced by the action of hydrogen sulfide on compounds of hydrocarbons and hyponitric acid [H. Wilcox RW, "The treatment of influenza in adults", Krahl-Urban, B., Papke, H.E., Peters, K. (1988), Last edited on 12 February 2023, at 16:29, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "aniline | Etymology, origin and meaning of aniline by etymonline", "Electron conjugation versus - repulsion in substituted benzenes: why the carbon-nitrogen bond in nitrobenzene is longer than in aniline", "On the Harmonic Oscillator Model of Electron Delocalization (HOMED) Index and its Application to Heteroatomic -Electron Systems", http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2007.02.016, "Aniline synthesis by amination (Arylation)", "Ueber das Verhalten der organischen Krper in hheren Temperaturen", "Ueber das Anilin, ein neues Zersetzungsproduct des Indigo", "Beschreibung einiger neuer organischer Basen, dargestellt durch die Einwirkung des Schwefelwasserstoffes auf Verbindungen der Kohlenwasserstoffe mit Untersalpetersure", "Bemerkung zu vorstehender Abhandlung des Hrn. Sometimes on Family Guy when there about to take someones heart out they say, calimar or maybe its spelled different.
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