In July 1853, Perry sailed his steamer, the Mississippi, and as it chugged past Japanese boats in Yokohama Harbor, fired blank charges from her superior cannons, and then presented the Japanese Shogunate with a white flag with which to surrender. This meant that Japan was controlled by the Genro a part of the Oligarchy. The daimyo rule was later abolished by 1871. As a result, there were 20,000 schools nationwide. Western-style architecture Brick architecture. After this, the Japanese quickly sent "observers" to the West to understand its culture while copying much of the technology they had missed over the previous centuries: the steamboat, the railroad, guns, and artillery. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Another major contribution to modernization was the agrarian revolution. When the Meiji era began, many changes occurred which affected Japan's social structure and foreign relationships. The administrative reorganization had been largely accomplished by 1871, when the domains were officially abolished and replaced by a prefecture system that has remained in place to the present day. This therefore meant that the Japanese had the most powerful transformation which occurred within a single generation. These industrial towns created a need for lodging areas, food reserves and goods that could provide travelers or tourists with accommodation services. While a much more populated China had fallen into bloody civil wars and confrontations with the West, Japan's rise was markedly peaceful and successful, leading to further imperialistic expansion in the lead up to World War II. On the other hand, restoration would mean that these things existed before which is not the case for the Meijis era. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. It signed treaties with America, Russia, Canada and many countries in Europe. This allowed Japan to maintain a connection to its past while aggressively looking toward the future. https://www.britannica.com/event/Meiji-Restoration, Asia for Educators - The Meiji Restoration and Modernization, The abolition of the feudal system and all feudal class privileges, The construction of transport and communication systems. Big family enterprises did develop during Togukawa era. The development resulted into Japan becoming a powerful industrial country. Therefore, Japan overstepped many countries in East Asia to top the ranks of the most powerful countries. They wanted to wipe out the color ofBuddhism from Shinto shrines by prohibiting the practice of Shinto-Buddhist syncretism and making Shinto shrines places that connected the emperor and the people. to modernize. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. In addition, the military adopted more westernized weapons and guarding tactics. Consequently, western technology was greatly employed by domestic companies to produce highly sophisticated products. The Meiji government did not intend to eliminate Buddhism itself. The Meiji Emperor represented a mixture of West and East. The Meijis reign was a far-reaching era that was constituted majorly with change. By the end of the Meiji Restoration: Japan became a modern nation-state. Japan's goal of achieving fukoku kyohei, "rich country; strong military", fuelled major political, economic and social changes during the Meiji Restoration. At the same time, universal education was introduced to Japan. A privy council composed of the Meiji genro, created prior to the constitution, advised the emperor and wielded actual power. First, the army became more refurbished (Tipton 400). Over 100 years after the Meiji Era, the first McDonalds restaurant, first Starbucks store, and first Apple retail store in Japan were all in Ginza. Meat-eating (sukiyaki, beef hot pot) In the Edo period (1603-1868), Japanese people were not in the habit of eating meat, but beef hot pot became popular. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. This drastic change in Japanese society and economics led to its role in WWII and its modern place in the world today. Draw students' attention to clothing, architecture, utilities, transportation, and other details. This sounds like an urban legend, but these stories were recorded. The new emperor eliminated the government and reestablished the imperial throne, but the emperor did not have any political power and was seen as a political symbol. This led to a powerful military rise in the year 1905. This led to the Boshin War. These included the Simutomo, Mitsui and Konoike family lines. Therefore, they resorted to make a complete enlightenment to every aspect of governance that existed. Education was a sure foundation for development as it had been changing from time to time. What were three effects of the Meiji Restoration? Japan increased the number of steamships from 26 in 1873 to 1,514 in 1913 and 18 miles of train track in 1872 to over 7,000 in 1914. Two breakaway provinces of Choshu and Satsuma, which had been shunned by the shogunate over the last few centuries, supported the rule over the emperor instead of the shogunate. Matthew Hodge has taught English and Japanese at the high school level for 15 years and college for five. The rule that existed in the Meijis period wanted a collaboration of views that would integrate both western ways to traditional values. Members of the ruling samurai class had become concerned about the shogunates ability to protect the country as more Western countries attempted to open Japan after more than two hundred years of virtual isolation. The system spread nationwide in 1872. These businesses provided a lot of income that was used in purchasing most intensives used for development. This was like an assurance to the Meijis era because by the time the transition was taking there would be great achievements. View history. Horse-drawn carriage (street car) Railroad cars pulled by horses traveled over the railroad tracks. To promote the adoption of Western culture, Bunmei Kaika became a slogan during this period. The government played a huge role in social change by creating new laws and a constitution. The Meiji Restoration turned the mostly agricultural Japanese feudalistic economy to a laissez-faire capitalist and industrialist society, which copied and ultimately matched many countries in the West. It was later converted into a train transportation system. Major changes occurred in the roles of the Emperor, Samurai and Peasants during the Meiji period and the modernisation also assisted in fundamental changes such as diet, clothing and education. By the 20th century, Japan had a modern constitution and national parliament, though it was not truly democratic. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. The first was Bunmei Kaika, or civilization and enlightenment. Learn when the Meiji Restoration began, its main goal, what caused it, and how it changed Japan. The government forced people to change their hairstyle because the chonmage was seen as a barbaric custom in the eyes of Westerners. The Gregorian calendar (solar calendar) was adopted and implemented from January 1, 1873. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Besides, these aims were greatly achieved by carrying out reforms. These also had a collective name which was Tsushin-no-kuni. Responding to those pressures, the government issued a statement in 1881 promising a constitution by 1890. The constitution was presented as a gift from the emperor, and it created a two-house parliament called the Imperial Diet. Therefore, a revolution was started that was geared to more of advancement and revolution. This called for a more technical force that would deal with the different forms of technology (Ebrey 550). The modernization resulted into Japan being rated as the most developed in the whole of Eastern Asia. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! An order was issued to cut off samurai-style hair. There were many forms of transitions that took place (Craig 150). The kind of education the Japanese acquired enabled them to manufacture powerful weapons that were used for the territory security. There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. From 1603 to 1868 Japan was a feudal society with a hierarchy of lords, samurai, and peasants. Most of the change occurred during the Meiji period which began in 1868 and lasted until 1912. The growth in trade consequently led to the creation of modern communication lines and railway line. This acted as prerequisite for the excellent learning methods that were employed during the Meijis period. Western-style clothing The first Japanese to wear clothes were the imperial family and the military personnel. Create your account. We'll look closely at the causes, the major accomplishments, and the effects of the Meiji Restoration. Furthermore, the new Japanese education . The Shogunate Before From 1603 to 1868 Japan was a feudal society with a hierarchy of lords, samurai, and peasants. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. During the Edo Period, mixed bathing in public baths was common. For modernization to be effective, the government thought it was necessary to raise the peoples level of education. In some ways, the worship of Western civilization created a sense that Japanese traditional culture was inferior, consisting of old habits. (The school attendance rate in England at that time was 20% and the literacy rate was 10%). This change included major transition in the military, foreign relations, economy, social structure and internal politics. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This Meiji restoration has given a lot of positive effects to the Meiji nationalism. Thus, the Meiji Restoration was a combination of Western ideals reconstituted with traditional Japanese mores. The Meiji Restoration used some Western ideas, like liberalism, but it infused them with ancient Japanese philosophy and culture, resulting in the blossoming of art, literature, and even technology. Japan was able to walk a fine line between Western ideas and influences and traditional Japanese ideas to create a unique Japanese national identity. At first, many supporters of the emperor were also very critical of Western influence. The Japanese phrase sonno joi, or "praise the emperor and expel the barbaric West," was present until the anti-Western movement was quickly quashed. Meiji is the name of a period in time in the Japanese history that started in 1868 with the Meiji Restoration and lasted until 1912. One of these major effects of the event was the fact that the previously feudal country was transformed into an empire that was entirely capable of competing with many of the greatest powers of the time. That was followed, after the end of the fighting, by the dismantling of the old feudal regime. Nikita Khrushchev Career & Destalinization | Who was Nikita Khrushchev? MeijiRestoration was a significant Japanese event that happened in 1868bringing with it political economic and social change to the peopleof Japan (Jansen 781). The atrocities that were committed against the Chinese people in Nanjing, and the deaths of so many people, were not the product of a cold, calculated plan. The Meiji governance was one organized group that had one main common goal of revolution. Conscription system (draft system) The government also called this the blood tax.. These aspects were key elements in the characterization of a developed nation. The overall effect of the Meiji Restoration on Japan was that it brought Japan from isolation to a more modernized power. An error occurred trying to load this video. Wholesale land reform has costs and inequities that make righting South Africa's central injustice through such a process inappropriate. The whole of Japan became interested in Western culture and began actively adopting it. Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals from one socio-economic strata to another, followed by a change in their social status. All along, the Meiji Restoration used a combination of Japanese tradition and new Western ideas to transform the country. They gained fame for this all over the Pacific area. This strong nature led to the rule and discrimination of traditional monarchies that surrendered at the end. In 1852, President Millard Fillmore sent Matthew C. Perry to negotiate with the Japanese about opening ports to American trade. Knowledge was to be sought in the West, the goodwill of which was essential for revising the unequal treaties that had been enacted and granted foreign countries judicial and economic privileges in Japan through extraterritoriality. Bunmei Kaika is a term used to describe a social change and phenomenon that occurred in the process of Japans modernization during Meiji Restoration. In addition, the Japanese went to an extent of winning a war against Russia a super powerful country. These people were better placed in the economic grounds than any other group because of their rich cultural heritage.
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