The US group had significantly higher success rate of sensory block compared with the nerve stimulation group (94 % versus 79 %, p = 0.03). 2017;45(3):134-137. The authors concluded that with appropriate training and practice, the subtalar joint could be reliably and safely targeted with US-guided corticosteroid injection to treat symptoms related to JIA. Greater satisfaction scores also reflected superior analgesia in patients receiving IINB. Mean (SD) total local anesthetic volume for the low-volume US group was 16 (2.1) ml. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using Flanagan QOL Scale (QOLS) and activity level was assessed using Barthel Activity of daily living (ADL) score. Feasibility of ultrasound-guided posterior approach for interscalene catheter placement during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The location of the injected fluid was independently assessed by 2 radiologists who were blinded as to the injection technique used. The authors concluded that it is possible to visualize the mSCN in the majority of anatomical specimens. CPT codes 76885 and 76886 for infant hip ultrasound will be denied when they are billed with a screening or normal exam diagnosis as the only diagnosis on the claim line. Fluoroscopy is not readily available in the clinical setting; thus, ultrasound (US)-guidance for injections is increasingly being used. Nadeau MJ, Levesque S, Dion N. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia for upper limb surgery. These researchers studied a group of CD patients with optimized BTX therapy during a prolonged period of time to record their dysphagia frequency, severity and duration; they also assessed potential risk factors and attempted to avoid it by using US guidance for BTX applications. The secondary outcome measures were range of movement (ROM) and ambulation distance. Am Fam Physician. Biol Sport. Ultrasonography (US) is an ideal modality for imaging guidance owing to its low cost, portability, lack of ionizing radiation, and capability for real-time visualization of soft-tissue and bone structures during intervention. Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc., on behalf of itself and all present and future affiliates ("HPHC"), reserves the right to change these terms and conditions at any time. A total of 11 patients (median age of 12.5 years, range of 2 to 16), 15 wrists with clinically active arthritis were assessed clinically by US and color Doppler prior to and 1 and 4 weeks after US-guided steroid injection. Motor-sparing peripheral nerve blocks, such as the IPACK block and the ACB, may augment PAI in multi-modal analgesic pathways for TKA, but supporting literature remains rare. Goldberg-Stein et al (2016) described a lateral fluoroscopically-guided retrocalcaneal bursa injection technique, reported patient outcomes at 1 to 4 weeks after steroid/anesthetic retrocalcaneal bursal therapeutic injection, and correlated pre-injection diagnostic heel US variables with improvement in patient pain scores. Details of patient demographics and block characteristics were collected to assess any association with persistent neurologic symptoms; 6 of 300 patients reported symptoms at 10 days (2 %), with 1 of these patients having persistent symptoms at 30 days (0.3 %). Bechay et al (2020) stated that calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder involves calcification and degeneration of the rotator cuff tendon near its insertion point on the greater tuberosity. Khosla S, Thiele R, Baumhauer JF. Sofka et al (2001) examined the use of US guidance for intervention in the musculoskeletal system. Jacobson JA, Rubin J, Yablon CM, et al. Kim et al (2019) stated that peri-articular injections (PAIs) are becoming a staple component of multi-modal joint pathways. Sensory function was measured using quantitative sensory testing (QST), which consisted of sensory mapping, thermal thresholds, supra-threshold heat pain perception as well as heat and pressure pain thresholds. Conventionally, these injections are performed using anatomical landmark technique and/or fluoroscopic guidance. Int J Surg. 2020;49(7):1155-1158. The authors concluded that surgeon-delivered LTAPs were safe, effective, and non-inferior to anesthesia-administered UTAPs in the immediate post-operative period. The ICBN block was performed under US guidance and 10-ml 0.5 % bupivacaine was injected. The authors concluded that the literature gave a sufficient basis to recommend the use of US for guidance of brachial plexus blocks. They used a protocol based on age, weight and joint for triamcinolone hexacetonide or triamcinolone acetonide dose prescription. Injection close to the suprascapular notch was recommended to involve the dSSN proximally and its 3 sensory branches. Brophy DP, Cunnane G, Fitzgerald O, Gibney RG. The main drawbacks of this study were its retrospective design, small sample size (n = 12 for US guidance group), and the lack of a comparison group of "blind" injections by means of anatomic landmarks. Open, arthroscopic, or combined methods have been performed with good clinical outcomes. Both study groups were comparable in respect of age, hand dominance and associated diseases. 2014;39(2):126-132. An endoscopic puncher and burr were inserted under US guidance via a stabbing wound, and the swollen retrocalcaneal bursa and bony prominence were resected. Because these investigators identified no patients who would fit the criteria to receive ACB only during the study period, this study lacked a group that received ACB only, which would allow better analysis of the contribution of the IPACK block to an ACB. In this study, the efficacy of these different block techniques was compared. The sample size was limited (n = 15 for the US-guided percutaneous tendon fenestration group) because of budgetary constraints, and it remained possible that the effect size was not large enough to detect a difference between the treatment groups. Presidents Place - South Tower. In the anatomical landmark group, 2 (40 %) PTN were successfully coated with dye. They carried out a prospective, randomized, single-blinded non-inferiority clinical trial with patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer; 80 patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to the UTAP and LTAP groups. Also, the post-toxin evaluation took place before 1 month had passed also probably limited the significance of the results, as did the injection of low doses of the BTX per muscle for multi-site injections, in order to respect the cumulative dose of 6 UI/kg of Botox. UpToDate [online serial]. The authors concluded that there was evidence that peripheral nerve blocks performed by US guidance alone, or in combination with PNS, were superior in terms of improved sensory and motor block, reduced need for supplementation and fewer minor complications reported. 2015;25(1):6-22. Asian J Anesthesiol. This review did not specifically address US-guided injections into the tibiofibular joint, but the study by Smith et al (2010) was cited in the References. 2019;33(2):418-425. The success rate was 100 % in the PS sciatic blocks performed. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Not every state offers every plan, and Medicare doesn't mandate . 2012;91(8):658-65. Subcutaneous tissue atrophy and skin hypo-pigmentation were the primary complications, which occurred in 3.9 % of the injections. In a Cochrane review, these researchers examined the effects (benefits and harms) of injected corticosteroids for treating plantar heel pain in adults. A continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2 % 4 ml/hour with patient-controlled 5-ml boluses every hour was used over 2 days. They reviewed the following medical literature databases for publications on PENG block: PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of science until August 31, 2020. Allison SK, Odderson IR. 2017;17(3):233-238. The nerve diameter was 2.3 0.28 mm, and the depth was 9 0.28 mm. The investigator was pain medicine fellowship-trained, was board-certified in pain medicine, and had extensive procedural experience with both fluoroscopically guided and USguided procedures. Neurologic outcomes after low-volume, ultrasound-guided interscalene block and ambulatory shoulder surgery. Get our take on this company. Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus fluoroscopically guided contrast-controlled piriformis injections: A cadaveric study. This study did not compare US-guidance versus no US-guidance. During the study, no changes were made to the VHR enhanced recovery pathway. Need help with your account? Injections consisted of 10 ml of 1 % lidocaine with 80 mg of triamcinolone. Furthermore, an UpToDate review on "Lower extremity nerve blocks: Techniques" (Jeng and Rosenblatt, 2020) states that "Peripheral nerve blocks of the lower extremity are used for operative anesthesia and/or postoperative analgesia for a variety of lower extremity surgeries Femoral nerve block is used to provide anesthesia or postoperative analgesia for surgery of the anterior thigh and knee (e.g., anterior cruciate ligament repair, patella surgery, quadriceps tendon repair) The fascia iliaca block is an alternative to the femoral nerve block and may more reliably block the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve than the femoral block. Top-rated health plans that serve more than 1 million people are . The Pecs II group also had a lower MOPS compared with the ICNB group at 6, 8, and 10 hours (p < 0.001), but the MOPS was comparable at hour 12 (p=0.301). On the contrary, the inability to take full advantage of the dynamic soft tissue imaging capabilities of US may have negatively biased the accuracy of the US technique. Kim AJ, Yong RJ, Urman RD. One of the most frequent local corticosteroid injections administered in daily clinical practice by rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, physiatrists, sports medicine doctors and general practitioners is injection into the subacromial subdeltoid bursa in the treatment of bursitis and SIS. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. The size of the ganglion demonstrated on sonographic imaging ranged from 2 x 5 mm to 10 x 9 mm on a longitudinal scan of the wrist (with a mean of 4 x 7 mm.). These included therapeutic injections into tendon sheaths (biceps, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial, and iliopsoas), Morton's neuromas, plantar fascia, wrist ganglia, and tarsal tunnel cysts; peritendinous hamstring injections; and synovial cyst and muscle biopsies. 2009;103(3):434-439. 2017;42(1):99-104. 2020;54(1):38-42. Patients with SpA with symptomatic Achilles enthesitis, refractory to 6 weeks of full-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), were offered US-guided local corticosteroid injection. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, Wu and colleagues (2015) examined the effectiveness of US-guided (USG) versus blind (landmark-guided, LMG) corticosteroid SSB injection in adults with shoulder pain. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; reviewed August 2020a. Head-to-head trials on these treatments are limited. However, QLB provided better long lasting analgesia together with reduction of total post-operative morphine consumption. 2013;14(10):1593-1599. In addition, NRS pain scores on ambulation on POD 0 (-3.5 [-4.3 to -2.7]; p < 0.001) and POD 2 (-1.0 [-1.9 to -0.1]; p = 0.033) were significantly lower. Associated metabolic diseases were recorded. This was a small study (n = 18) carried out on healthy volunteers. Li and associates (2020) stated that neurostimulator-guidance and US-guidance are 2 major methods that have been widely accepted and applied in axillary brachial plexus block. The median change in the VAS for FSG and USG were -5.000 and -4.000, respectively, and duration of pain relief with a MD of 2 weeks (95 % CI: -4 to 7). 2017;96(10):e181-e184. This case presentation described a rare adverse effect of corticosteroid injection (CSI) involving local skin atrophy and hypo-pigmentation with proximal linear extension. It may supersede surgery as a reliable treatment for intractable TTS. The effect of interscalene block on ipsilateral shoulder pain and pulmonary function in patients undergoing lung lobectomy: A randomized controlled trial. For more information, please refer to Harvard Pilgrims updated Radiology Payment Policy. Successful sensory blockade was defined as sensory loss in both the tibial and common peroneal nerve territories at 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours post-operatively. A total of 47 pediatric patients aged f 1 to 17 years undergoing bilateral ureteral re-implantation surgery via a low transverse incision were enrolled and randomized into the QLB and caudal block groups. Durations of anesthetic and operative interventions and time until the initiation of surgery were recorded for both groups. Ultrasound-guided Injection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: A cadaveric study with implications for chemodenervation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. There is insufficient data comparing the efficacy and safety of these methods. Axillary brachial plexus block. HPHC Medical Policy Page 2 of 3 Amyloidosis Therapies VA01NOV22P Harvard Pilgrim StrideSM (HMO) policies are based on medical science and relevant information including current Medicare coverage (including National and Local Coverage Determinations), Harvard Pilgrim medical policies, and Harvard Pilgrim StrideSM (HMO) Medicare Advantage Plan . In a prospective, double-blinded RCT, these researchers compared post-operative pain intensity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with either erector spinae plane (ESP) block or combined ESP and pectoralis nerve (PECS) blocks. With current data, the authors recommended the use of US depending on the surgeon's experience and confidence; US guidance may not be necessary if the surgeon can ensure solid and constant results with blind injection. Secondary outcomes were pain scores at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 24 hours after surgery, intra-operative opioid consumption, time to first analgesic request and incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting. The authors concluded that US appeared to be a highly accurate method of localizing injections into a variety of locations in the foot and ankle. Pectoral nerve blocks and postoperative pain outcomes after mastectomy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We suggest the use of ultrasound guidance for TPVB and the interfascial plane blocks of the chest (Grade 2C), to increase the success rate and reduce complications". The accuracy of blind and US-guided injection was the same. 2020;24(1):159-170. For additional language assistance: Ultrasonic guidance for needle placement (eg, biopsy, aspiration, injection, localization device), imaging supervision and interpretation, Injection, therapeutic (eg, local anesthetic, corticosteroid), carpal tunnel, Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection, intermediate joint or bursa (eg, temporomandibular, acromioclavicular, wrist, elbow or ankle, olecranon bursa); with ultrasound guidance, with permanent recording and reporting [scapular thoracic bursitis injection] [not covered for Iliopsoas bursa injection] [Not covered for ankle bursa injection] [Not covered for calcaneal/retrocalcaneal bursa injection] [Not covered for foot/heel injection for adventitious bursitis/capsulitis] [Not covered for tibiofibular joint injection], Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection, major joint or bursa (eg, shoulder, hip, knee, subacromial bursa); with ultrasound guidance, with permanent recording and reporting [scapular thoracic bursitis injection] [not covered for Iliopsoas bursa injection] [not covered for trochanteric bursa injection] [Not covered for intraarticular injection for the management of shoulder impingement/pain] [Not covered for subacromial bursitis injection] [long head of the biceps injection] [ischial bursa and gluteus medius injection], Incision, extensor tendon sheath, wrist (eg, deQuervains disease), Excision of synovial cyst of popliteal space (eg, Baker's cyst), Catheterization with bronchial brush biopsy, Thoracotomy, with diagnostic biopsy(ies) of lung infiltrate(s) (eg, wedge, incisional), unilateral, Thoracotomy, with diagnostic biopsy(ies) of lung nodule(s) or mass(es) (eg, wedge, incisional), unilateral, Core needle biopsy, lung or mediastinum, percutaneous, including imaging guidance, when performed, Thoracoscopy; with diagnostic biopsy(ies) of lung infiltrate(s) (eg, wedge, incisional), unilateral, with diagnostic biopsy(ies) of lung nodule(s) or mass(es) (eg, wedge, incisional), unilateral, when done for indicated purpose at time of other major procedure (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), Biopsy of pancreas, open (eg, fine needle aspiration, needle core biopsy, wedge biopsy), Biopsy, abdominal or retroperitoneal mass, percutaneous needle, Laparoscopy, surgical; with biopsy (single or multiple), Biopsy, prostate; needle or punch, single or multiple, any approach, Gamete, zygote, or embryo intrafallopian transfer, any method, Spinal puncture, therapeutic, for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (by needle or catheter), Spinal puncture, therapeutic, for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (by needle or catheter); with fluoroscopic or CT guidance, Implantation, revision or repositioning of tunneled intrathecal or epidural catheter, for long-term medication administration via an external pump or implantable reservoir/infusion pump; without laminectomy, Implantation or replacement of device for intrathecal or epidural drug infusion; subcutaneous reservoir, programmable pump, including preparation of pump, with or without programming, Injection, anesthetic agent; cervical plexus [Interscalene nerve block] and [Supraclavicular nerve block for post-operative pain control], brachial plexus, single [Interscalene nerve block] and [Supraclavicular nerve block for post-operative pain control], brachial plexus, continuous infusion by catheter (including catheter placement [Interscalene nerve block] and [Supraclavicular nerve block for post-operative pain control], Injection(s), anesthetic agent(s) and/or steroid; axillary nerve [Axillary brachial plexus nerve block], Injection, anesthetic agent; intercostal nerve, single [subpectoral nerve block (parasternal T2 to T6 intercostal block)], intercostal nerves, multiple, regional block [subpectoral nerve block (parasternal T2 to T6 intercostal block)], Injection(s), anesthetic agent(s) and/or steroid; ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric nerves, sciatic nerve, continuous infusion by catheter (including catheter placement) [not covered for gluteal nerve injection], femoral nerve, single arterial line placement [Fascia iliaca block for post-operative pain following hip and knee surgeries] [Not covered for lateral pericapsular nerve group (PENG) nerve block during total hip arthroplasty], femoral nerve, continuous infusion by catheter (including catheter placement) [Fascia iliaca block for post-operative pain following hip and knee surgeries] [Not covered for lateral pericapsular nerve group (PENG) nerve block during total hip arthroplasty], other peripheral nerve or branch [femoral nerve block for post-operative knee pain] and [quadratus lumborum nerve block for post-operative pain control after abdominal surgery] [lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block for meralgia paresthetica] [Pectoralis nerve block for the management of post-operative pain following mastectomy], Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block (abdominal plane block, rectus sheath block) unilateral; by injection(s) (includes imaging guidance, when performed) [post-operative pain following abdominal surgery], by continuous infusion(s) (includes imaging guidance, when performed) [post-operative pain following abdominal surgery], Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block (abdominal plane block, rectus sheath block) bilateral; by injections (includes imaging guidance, when performed) [post-operative pain following abdominal surgery], by continuous infusions (includes imaging guidance, when performed) [post-operative pain following abdominal surgery], Percutaneous transcatheter placement of intracoronary stent(s), with coronary angioplasty when performed; single major coronary artery or branch, each additional branch of a major coronary artery (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), Percutaneous transluminal coronary atherectomy, with intracoronary stent, with coronary angioplasty when performed; single major coronary artery or branch, Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of or through coronary artery bypass graft (internal mammary, free arterial, venous), any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty, including distal protection when performed; single vessel, each additional branch subtended by the bypass graft (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of acute total/subtotal occlusion during acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery or coronary artery bypass graft, any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty, including aspiration thrombectomy when performed, single vessel, Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of chronic total occlusion, coronary artery, coronary artery branch, or coronary artery bypass graft, any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty; single vessel, each additional coronary artery, coronary artery branch, or bypass graft (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), Transcatheter placement of radiation delivery device for subsequent coronary intravascular brachytherapy (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), High dose rate electronic brachytherapy, skin surface application, per fraction, includes basic dosimetry, when performed [superficial radiation treatment of skin cancer], Injection(s); single tendon sheath, or ligament, aponeurosis (eg, plantar "fascia") [iliopsoas tendon sheath] [medial calcaneal nerve sheath injection] [Adductor longus tendon injection] [Dorsal compartments of the wrist injection] [gluteal tendon sheath injections for hip and/or low back pain] [iliopsoas tendon injection] [nuchal ligament and supraspinous ligament injection] [peritendon injection for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy] [peroneal tendon sheath injection], Injection(s); single tendon origin/insertion [psoas tendon injection] [Adductor longus tendon injection] [Dorsal compartments of the wrist injection] gluteal tendon sheath injections for hip and/or low back pain] [iliopsoas tendon injection] [nuchal ligament and supraspinous ligament injection] [peritendon injection for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy] [peroneal tendon sheath injection], single or multiple trigger point(s), 1 or 2 muscle(s), single or multiple trigger point(s), 3 or more muscles, Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection, small joint or bursa (eg, fingers, toes); with ultrasound guidance, with permanent recording and reporting [metatarsophalangeal and/or metatarsal cuneiform joint injection], Aspiration and/or injection of ganglion cyst(s) any location, Tendon sheath incision (eg, for trigger finger) [Trigger finger injection/trigger finger release without hydro dissection], Injection of non-compounded foam sclerosant with ultrasound compression maneuvers to guide dispersion of the injectate, inclusive of all imaging guidance and monitoring; single incompetent extremity truncal vein (eg, great saphenous vein, accessory saphenous vein), multiple incompetent truncal veins (eg, great saphenous vein, accessory saphenous vein), same leg, Injection of sclerosant; single incompetent vein (other than telangiectasia), multiple incompetent veins (other than telangiectasia), same leg, Injection(s), anesthetic agent(s) and/or steroid; greater occipital nerve, Injection(s), anesthetic agent(s) and/or steroid; suprascapular nerve [dorsal scapular nerve block], lumbar plexus, posterior approach, continuous infusion by catheter (including catheter placement), Injection(s), anesthetic agent and/or steroid, transforaminal epidural, with imaging guidance (fluoroscopy or CT); cervical or thoracic, single level, cervical or thoracic, each additional level (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), lumbar or sacral, each additional level (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), Chemodenervation of muscle(s); muscle(s) innervated by facial, trigeminal, cervical spinal and accessory nerves, bilateral (eg, for chronic migraine), Chemodenervation of muscle(s); neck muscle(s), excluding muscles of the larynx, unilateral (eg, for cervical dystonia, spasmodic torticollis), Remote afterloading high dose rate radionuclide skin surface brachytherapy, includes basic dosimetry, when performed; lesion diameter up to 2.0 cm or 1 channel [superficial radiation treatment of skin cancer], Remote afterloading high dose rate radionuclide skin surface brachytherapy, includes basic dosimetry, when performed; lesion diameter over 2.0 cm and 2 or more channels, or multiple lesions [superficial radiation treatment of skin cancer], Hyaluronan or derivative, durolane, for intra-articular injection, 1 mg, Hyaluronan or derivitive, genvisc 850, for intra-articular injection, 1 mg, Hyaluronan or derivative, Hyalgan, Supartz or Visco-3, for intra-articular injection, per dose, Hyaluronan or derivative, hymovis, for intra-articular injection, 1 mg, Hyaluronan or derivative, Euflexxa, for intra-articular injection, per dose, Hyaluronan or derivative, Orthovisc, for intra-articular injection, per dose, Hyaluronan or derivative, Synvisc, or Synvisc-One for intra-articular injection, 1 mg, Hyaluronan or derivative, Gel-One, for intra-articular injection, per dose, Hyaluronan or derivative, Monovisc, for intra-articular injection, per dose, Hyaluronan or derivative, for intra-articular injection, 0.1 mg [Gel-Syn], Ultrasound guidance for vascular access requiring ultrasound evaluation of potential access sites, documentation of selected vessel patency, concurrent realtime ultrasound visualization of vascular needle entry, with permanent recording and reporting (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), Insertion of non-tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter; younger than 5 years of age, Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump; younger than 5 years of age, Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port; younger than 5 years of age, Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device with subcutaneous pump, Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, requiring 2 catheters via 2 separate venous access sites; without subcutaneous port or pump (eg, Tesio type catheter), Insertion of peripherally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port; younger than 5 years of age, Repair of tunneled or non-tunneled central venous access catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump, central or peripheral insertion site, Repair of central venous access device, with subcutaneous port or pump, central or peripheral insertion site, Replacement, catheter only, of central venous access device, with subcutaneous port or pump, central or peripheral insertion site, Replacement, complete, of a non-tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump, through same venous access, Replacement, complete, of a tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump, through same venous access, Replacement, complete, of a tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port, through same venous access, Replacement, complete, of a tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous pump, through same venous access, Replacement, complete, of a peripherally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port, through same venous access, Removal of tunneled central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump, Removal of tunneled central venous access device, with subcutaneous port or pump, central or peripheral insertion, Baker's cyst, after failure of unguided procedure, Central venous access (internal jugular, femoral), De Quervain tendinopathy, after failure of unguided procedure, Elbow joint injection or aspiration, after failure of unguided procedure, Endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous vein (ELAS) (see, Fascia iliaca block for the management of post-operative pain following hip and knee surgeries, andrepair of femur fracture, Femoral nerve block for post-operative knee pain, Infraclavicular nerve block for surgery of the distal arm and hand, Intraabdominal or intrapelvicmass biopsy, IPACK nerve block for pain control after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair ortotal knee arthroplasty, Ischial bursa and gluteus medius injection, Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block for meralgia paresthetica (lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment) (see, Long head of the biceps injection for the treatment of tendinosis of the biceps, Metacarpophalangeal joint injection or aspiration, Metatarsophalangeal joint injection or aspiration, Needle placement, lavage, and debridement of calcific tendinosis of the shoulder, Pectoral nerve blocks (PECS I and PECS II) for post-operative pain control after breast surgery / sternotomy for cardiac surgery, Pectoralis nerve block (PEC 1 and PEC 2) for the management of post-operative pain following mastectomy, Placement of intracoronary endoluminal devices (see, Posterior glenohumeral (GH) joint injection or aspiration, after failure of unguided procedure, Prostate biopsy for prosate nodule or elevated PSA(see, Quadratus lumborum nerve block for post-operative pain control after abdominal surgery, Radiofrequency endovenous occlusion (VNUS) (see, Serratus plane block for the management of post-operative pain following breast surgery or thoracotomy, Subacromial bursal injection or aspiration,after failure of unguided procedure, Subpectoral nerve block (parasternal T2 to T6 intercostal block) for postoperative pain control, Supraclavicular nerve block for primary regional anesthesia during surgeries, and post-operative pain control, Tibiotalar joint injection or aspiration, after failure of unguided procedure, Transverse abdominis plane (TAP)-block for the management of post-operative pain following abdominal surgery. 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