festinger and carlsmith experiment quizlet

The people with whom a person identifies most strongly are called the________. 0000010660 00000 n Would the subject say that the experiment as he had experienced it was actually likely to measure If you want somebody to like you, induce the person to perform "liking behavior" such as doing you a favor. The loan officer's belief is an example of_____. According to research in interpersonal attraction, the most likely explanation for them to "find" each other is______. The data from 11 of the 71 Ss in the experiment had to be discarded for the following reasons: 1. xref In the chapter section Attitudes and Behaviours that Affect Social Interaction, Paul Angelini (2011) introdected the negative elements of social interactio Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language, In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to, give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task. <> In this study, research participants were asked to spend an hour completing boring tasks (for example, repeatedly loading spools onto a tray). 90 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<20DCF6A9F66A934D9B18D4D3D2546E7A><7EBEFA77420BBC4EB7D76A22531484C2>]/Index[80 30]/Info 79 0 R/Length 66/Prev 129900/Root 81 0 R/Size 110/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Which of the following has been shown to be true concerning the "teachers" in Milgram's experiment? A theory of cognitive dissonance. 80 0 obj <> endobj dissonance, and as a result, they would rate the task as less Cognitive Dissonance and Festinger & Carlsmith's Study - Explorable A teacher decides against assigning group projects in which all groups members get the same grade. 0000000015 00000 n How did the Festinger and Carlson experiment work? Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message. in order to reduce dissonance. 50 0 obj How would a social psychologist describe this situation? In Latane and Darley's classic 1969 study, they found that____ of the participants reported the smoke in the room when the two confederates in the room noticed the smoke but then ignored it. It was explained to them that the Department of Psychology is conducting the study and they are therefore required to serve in the experiments. Abused children grow up to become abusers about one third of the time. This is. . Please select the correct language below. This was rated in the same way as for the content before the remark. KING, B.T. Which method of attitude formations is involved in this example? Leon Festinger introduced cognitive dissonance theory in a 1957 book, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. In all the comparisons, the Control condition should be regarded as a baseline from which to evaluate the results in the other two conditions. /MediaBox[0 0 484 720] These Ss were hired for twenty dollars to do the same thing. With everything else held constant, this total magnitude of dissonance would decrease as the number and importance of the pressures which induced him to say "not X" increased. 1. /Type/Page %PDF-1.5 If you want to dislike someone, do them wrong. Elizabeth's room is almost always a mess. The three faces of racism | Berit Brogaard and Dimitria Gatzia In 1959, Leon Festinger and Merrill Carlsmith looked to test Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance. What similar but opposite statement appears in Hoffer's book The True Believer ? 0000000658 00000 n >> [p. 208] In the Twenty Dollar condition, where less dissonance was created experimentally because of the greater importance of the consonant relations, there is correspondingly less evidence of dissonance reduction. How can you get someone to like you, according to Ben Franklin? This works (according to cognitive dissonance theory) because, once the person has put out time and energy to help you, the person must develop an attitude consistent with the behavior. If an environmental group is trying to persuade the public to join its cause, it needs to focus on the, When someone who thinks they're smart does something they think is stupid, it causes, In Festinger and Carlsmith's study, the students who were only paid $1 for doing a very boring task, convinced themselves that the task was interesting, Karen is late for work, and her co-worker, Jeff, assumes it is because she is careless and lazy. Hoffer pointed out that, after the Nazis had started persecuting the Jews, it became easier for the average German citizen to hate the Jews. Their data, however, are not included in the analysis. Doing so, they started to identify with the arguments and accept them as their own. Selena is trying to get her boyfriend to wash the dishes for her. After completing the tasks, the participants were asked to persuade another student (who were already informed of the experiment confederates) into agreeing to participate. Which is (farther, farthest) away, the library of the park? This question was included because there was a chance that differences might emerge. Behaviorists would have predict that a reinforcement 20 times bigger would produce more change. Social Researcher. Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. Recently, Festinger (1957) bas proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance. Those who got $1 to perform a boring task said the task was more interesting than did those who got $2. This is an example of which rule of attraction? /Info 46 0 R Write to Dr. Dewey at psywww@gmail.com. Some researchers believe that Milgram's results were a form of the________ technique of persuasion. Harry's belief is based on. Sarah found her soul mate, Jon, when she moved to a small town in Florida. A rating of the amount of time in the discussion that the S spent discussing the tasks as opposed to going off into irrelevant things. All Ss, without exception, were quite willing to return the money. The influence of role-playing on opinion change. In a classic piece of cognitive dissonance research, researchers assigned students to different sides of a debate about the merits of college football. /Resources 50 0 R One might expect: that, in the Twenty Dollar condition, having been paid more, they would try to do a better job of it than in the One Dollar condition. Which of the following is not a factor that influences attitude formation? If the results of our experiment are to be taken as strong corroboration of the theory of cognitive dissonance, this possible alternative explanation must be dealt with. Maria agreed only to find out after agreeing that teaching such a course also meant that she would have to attend meetings of the honors professors, go to honors- oriented conventions, and take on special advising duties. But nevertheless, the possibility exists that the Ss n the One Dollar condition may have improvised more. To prevent groupthink, member's of a group should do all but which of the following? Description of Study One group was being paid that amount to lie to the next subject about the boring experiment. But Nicole's mom was so excited, Nicole couldn't bear to disappoint her. In the first experiment designed to test these theoretical ideas, Aronson and Mills (1959) had women undergo a severe or mild "initiation" to become a member of a group. <>stream Patrick has a strong_____. Vince's behavior is an example of. Leon Festinger's 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we act to reduce the disharmony, or dissonance, of our conflicting feelings. 0 Which of the following is the best example of the behavioral component of an attitude? Karen is engaging in, The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study, highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people, Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. (p.47). In one study, college students liked another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. Rating scale -5 to +5, Stanley Milgram : Obedience to Authority Experiments, Conformity under Social Pressure : Solomon Asch, Stephen Fry quotations and quotes on God and Religion, Stephen Fry's controversial interview on Irish TV, The Nature vs. Nurture debate or controversy, Stanley Milgram's experiments on Obedience to Authority, The Perils of Obedience, (Harper's Magazine article), by Stanley Milgram, Festinger and Carlsmith ~ Cognitive consequences of forced compliance, Albert Hastorf and Hadley Cantril ~ They Saw a Game: A Case Study, The Robbers Cave experiment. These are: 1. Psy 301: Social Psychology 49 0 obj New York: Harper & Row. This study involved 71 male students from Stanford University, of which 11 students were disqualified. This illustrates, If Julie holds the specific attitude that smoking is bad and will likely have an adverse effect on her health, possibly causing lung cancer or emphysema, Julie is, more likely to match her behavior to her attitude by not smoking, When trying to persuade an audience, the message should. Psychol., 1954, 49, 211-218. Goleman, D. (1991, July 16) New way to battle bias: fight acts, not feelings. Take it with you wherever you go. The new edition of Cognitive Dissonance: Re-examining a Pivotal Theory in Psychology contains 12 chapters and three appendices. Would the subject have any desire to participate in another similar experiment? Deception is the cornerstone of the experiment conceived by Leon Festinger in the year 1959. Subjects were subjected to a boring experience and then paid to tell someone that the experience had been interesting and enjoyable. (Boulding, 1969) endobj The people who were paid $1 rated the task as more enjoyable because they had no ample justification for lying, so they convinced themselves that the task was fun and rated it as fun. When the participants were asked to evaluate the experiment, the participants who were paid only $1 rated the tedious task as more fun and enjoyable than the participants who were paid $20 to lie. A woman argues that it is morally wrong to kill animals for food becomes upset when she is asked to explain why she is wearing a leather belt and leather shoes. According to _________ theory, prejudice may result, at least in part, from the need to increase one's own self-esteem by looking down on others. When Gene goes out of town, he expects, in return, that Roger will water his plants. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. endobj _______ love, based on many years of shared responsibilities and experiences, is what binds many marriages together. In these circumstances, the object of sacrifice becomes "sacred" and it is in a position to demand further sacrifices. by meredith_davis9, (1957) Attitude change through reward of verbal behavior. _______ occurs when people begin to think that it is more important to maintain a group's cohesiveness than to objectively consider the facts. A theory of cognitive dissonance. What are some practical implications of cognitive dissonance theory? The interviewer, of course, was always kept in complete ignorance of which condition the S was in. Their research suggested to them that if the laws changed first, forcing a change in behavior, the attitudes would follow along later. 4. While watching the TV game show Jeopardy, your roommate says, "The game show host, Alex Trebek, knows all the answers. This manufacturer is depending on the social process of______ to increase sales. As long as people are not paid a lot of money or given some other obvious inducement to perform the behavior, they will convince themselves it is enjoyable. He reasoned that if the person is induced to make an overt statement contrary to his private opinion by the offer of some reward, then the greater the reward offered, the greater should be the subsequent opinion change. We felt it was important to show that the effect was not a completely general one but was specific to the content of the dissonance which was created. Sherif's 1936 study of conformity involved, asking participants to report the movement of a single point of light in a darkened room, The Challenger disaster is a classic example of groupthink because, some people knew the shuttle was not OK to launch but did not speak up and therefore disrupt group cohesion, Chris's roommate asks Chris to do him a favor, and Chris agrees. They asked the participants to execute boring tasks, such as repeatedly. Sandy loves to play pool and has become quite good at the game. The Effects of Prejudice, Stereotype & Discrimination In the famous Festinger experiment, participants were paid either $1 or $20 to lie to a woman in the waiting room about how interesting the task really was. Let us then see what can be said about the total magnitude of dissonance in a person created by the knowledge that he said "not X" and really believes "X." June 22, 2015 asking people to work on separate projects but in the same room. /Parent 45 0 R Six chapters are new to this book; two are reprints of chapters . Sherry H. Priester (The secretary had left the office.) Festinger, L. (1957). To achieve consonance, something has to give. // adblocker detected After the half hour on the second task was over, the E conspicuously set the stop watch back to zero, put it away, pushed his chair back, lit a cigarette, and said: Up to this point the procedure was identical for Ss in all conditions. 4. Festinger observed that the subjects were put in a psychologically uncomfortable position. If we once start making sacrifices for anythinga family, a religion, or a nationwe find that we cannot admit to ourselves that the sacrifices have been in vain without a threat to our personal identity. %PDF-1.7 % Once a situation has been defined as an emergency, the next step in the decision-making process is_______. A fraction of the participants (the control group) was thanked and let go after an interview. What is the reason for the lack of action, according to Darley and Latane? And lastly, participants were asked whether they would want to participate again in the future in a study the same as this, using the scale -5 to +5. Don't see what you need? Which of the following researchers conducted a series of studies on conformity that involved having a subject judge the length of three lines after a group of confederates all reported an obviously incorrect answer? %%EOF /L 680077 According to the text, which of the following has not been studied as a cause of aggressive behavior? /E 95019 3. He then left saying he would return in a couple of minutes. In the study, undergraduate students of Introductory Psychology at Stanford University were asked to take part of a series of experiments. A concrete example involves the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s in the United States. This point will be discussed further in connection with the results. The participants who convinced themselves that the task really was fun were the ones who were___________. The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called. c5; Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) Flashcards | Quizlet But when Eddie is late the next day, he blames it on heavy traffic. In the One Dollar condition, since the magnitude of dissonance was high, the pressure to reduce this dissonance would also be high. ]B|07oS8x 7\>Hu0Y(ax/oFpr9&wcN/lLvxva 0]pr8g7o>:kIR,7V_ so4;OO8{B9D W}evewdJ|zCjmgO41b:f~fH4RZHn%j0d&@0yuV;Yhr.a3{Zolv8=e":1'>TwO_3[p]%zX{H[g*uW?:4?= endstream endobj 81 0 obj <>>>/Metadata 53 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[92 0 R]>>/Pages 73 0 R/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 82 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 83 0 obj <>stream test scores of each group decreased when it was the out-group. Comparison of the effectiveness of improvised versus non-improvised role-playing in producing opinion change. Eddie has made the _________. Thus, with self-selection of who did and who did not make the required overt statement and with varying percentages of subjects in the different conditions who did make the requsted statement, no interpretation of the data can be unequivocal. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! /H [ 658 210 ] Which situation would be last likely to result in a decrease of prejudice? Were the tasks interesting and enjoyable? They changed their attitudes to relieve the dissonance and fully believed that the activities were interesting. [1] The experiment reported here was done as part of a program of research supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to the senior author. It has received widespread attention after recently being published in an academic journal. Which of the following does NOT represent an effective method for reducing prejudice? The hour which the S spent working on the repetitive, monotonous tasks was intended to provide, for each S uniformly, an experience about which he would have a somewhat negative opinion. /Root 48 0 R The subjects who received $1 did not have a very good reason to lie. Most of our subjects tell us afterward that they found it quite interesting You get a chance to see how you react to the tasks and so forth." Subjects paid $1 were enthusiastic about their lies, and were successful in convincing others that the experiment's activities were interesting. In Asian cultures, people tend to explain the behavior of others as a result of______. If you want to dislike someone, do them wrong. The other fraction was given the option to take the place of the experimenter, which required them to give an interesting explanation to the next group.

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