Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. This is her first step from being a kind-hearted woman with generous tendencies to harnessing her natural instincts and instead becoming cruel. In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. [35] Douglass, The Future of the Negro People of the Slave States, in Life and Writings, Vol. Evidence is usually some kind of research. The louder she screamed, the harder he whippedI was quite a child, but I well remember it. The existence of capital punishment deters violent crimes, Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense of, Bringing up counterclaims allows the author to provide a, This above quote is an example of strong evidence because it directly relates to the claim and reasoning, providing factual evidence of the actual cost of capital punishment versus life in prison. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Log in here. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. I, ed. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. Argumentative Writing Overview & Facts | How to Write A Claim & Counterclaim, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Commas, Concluding Statements: Supporting Your Argument, How to Establish and Maintain a Formal Writing Style, How to Analyze an Argument's Effectiveness & Validity, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Verb Tense and Subject-Verb Agreement, Writing for An Audience: How to Structure Your Argument, How to Structure an Argument in Your Essay, Providing Effective Feedback on Writing Samples, Claim Statements in Arguments | Strong & Weak Reasons, Evidence, & Examples, How to Add, Subtract and Multiply Complex Numbers, Supporting Claims with Evidence & Reasoning | How to Write a Claim Statement, Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis, The Importance of Using Precise Language in Writing. First, Douglasss focus on education indicates that in his view, the public (federal or state) role in repairing the wrongs in question must be instrumental rather than providential. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. He can no longer stand his new sense of education and knowledge. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. Posted on June 22, 2022 by June 22, 2022 by Her husband tells her that instructing her slave in literacy will spoil him as a slave, and she stops teaching young Frederick. [17] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, May 11, 1857, in Life and Writings, Vol. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. It means uplifting the soul of man into the glorious light of truth, the light by which men can only be made free.[53]. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Create Decodable Text with Artificial Intelligence, FREE Diagnostic Reading and ELA Assessments. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglass's central claim in his autobiography is that slavery is as harmful to whites as it is to slaves. The analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human exploitation is one of them. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. At the center of Kings dream was the hopeful expectation that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedwe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equaland that all men, yes black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.[1]. In his efforts to cultivate a respect for and proper understanding of the natural right of property, Douglass was laboring for a cause he considered vital both to Americas moral and political culture and to the liberation and elevation of black Americans in particular. [1] Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. [45] The manuscript is available in the Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress (Speech, Article, and Book File; Miscellany, Folder 7 of 20) and also online at the librarys Douglass Papers Web site, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. IV, p. 514. Writing before slaves were freed in the United States, Douglass' main objective in the Narrative is to dispel any notion that slavery is good for those enslaved. In his successive responses to these developments, Douglass expressed not despair but rising hopefulness. Neither do we address you as enemies, (although the recipients of innumerable wrongs); but in the spirit of patriotic good will. Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. Already a member? When Douglass remarked on Americas inexpiable debt to those who had been enslaved, he was not demanding an effort to restore, however imperfectly, the actual and potential material wealth that slavery had stolen from its victims. Knowing that your mom could care less about the newest games, appeal to what she thinks is important - your grades. For example, this argument misses the key point that. Douglass's sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor . This is called the counterclaim. I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. : Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), chapter 1. Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. [18] Douglass, The Republican PartyOur Position, in Life and Writings, Vol. [45] Two things are noteworthy about this proposal. Douglass's really has two central claims in theNarrative. Second, it indicates Douglasss reluctance to support more radical measures such as the plan for confiscation proposed in 1867 by Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives. Less than 20 inmates were executed in the United States in 2020. 386387. They also remarked that slaves were often singing, which was said to prove they were happy, asserted that slaves were well taken of with cradle-to-grave security offered by benign masters, and argued that Christianity insured that white slave owners treated slaves with compassion. He understands that education is his only way out of slavery. What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech? to this land, when it strips five millions of its people of all motives for cultivating an upright character.[36]. Create your account. 7282. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. These paragraphs contain the author's sub-claims/reasoning, counterclaims, and evidence. His careful planning paid off in September 1838, when he fled Baltimore disguised as a seaman and made his way ultimately to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he settled, a newly married man, and took the surname Douglass from the hero in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem The Lady of the Lake. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument. But the final, unimpeachable confirmation of Lincolns anti-slavery commitment came for Douglass in August 1864, when the President, fearing that a demoralized electorate would soon force a premature end to the war, summoned Douglass to the White House to discuss a covert scheme for liberating as many as possible in the meantime. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? "The demographics of the death row population show a racial bias as well. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. What is the "mournful wail" that gives Douglass the topic for his speech? The hook should be on-topic and supportive of the author's argument. This commitment not only appears in the Preamble, but also reflects a bedrock rule of legal interpretationa rule as old as law itself, Douglass observed, and grounded in the very nature of law, according to which a legal instrument must be construed strictly in favor of liberty and justice.[17], In Douglasss argument, these interpretive principles yielded powerfully anti-slavery results. Moreover, the increasing incidence of despairing extremism among many abolitionists during this period was abetted by a series of portentous events. Why is Douglass surprised by New Bedford in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. athenaeum club southend membership fees. If someone conceded a point, did he or she continue to argue against it? It was doubtful liberty at most, and almost certain death is we failed. [51] Frederick Douglass was one of the most commonly known slaves to have existed. IV, p. 302. The counterclaim is the opposite argument which the author addresses in order provide a rebuttal. He claims that African Americans like himself have been denied the freedom that the holiday supports. -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. He had finally conquered his fear of water. That the salvation of the nation lay in its rededication to them. Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,did the mistress's initial kindness or her eventual cruelty have a greater effect on Frederick Douglass? 516517. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. Douglass describes this memory as the "blood-stained gate" through which he entered slavery, and he is struck throughout at how the institution made tyrants of whites. The function of a claim is to provide the author's argument. V, p. 624. [24] Douglass, The Late Election, December 1860, in Life and Writings, Vol. His story, an instant best seller, succeeded in confirming his veracity, but at the cost of attracting greatly intensified attention from fugitive slavecatchers. He also refutes a counterclaim presented by those with an opposing view. Under the whole Heavens, he remarked in 1894, there never was a people liberated from bondage under conditions less favorable to the successful beginning of a new and free mode of life, than were the Freedmen of the South. [51] With respect to corrective justice, he firmly endorsed the principle but took a subtle, carefully measured position with respect to its present application. Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge and your research. A reason tells why. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? In a short manuscript written sometime in or near 1869, he formulated in rough outline a land-reform proposal, according to which the federal government would correct for southern landowners collusion by becoming itself a purchaser and seller of lands. Wiki User. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass is thrown into a new world of knowledge and opportunity, once he learns how to read and write. 380382. No people can prosper, Douglass reiterated late in life, unless they have a home, or the hope of a home; and to have a home, one must have a country.[61] America was AfricanAmericans proper home, he maintained, their only realistic alternative and also the locus of their highest ideals. 2. In a standard, five-paragraph argumentative essay, there are three sections, each with their own components. The thesis provides the main argument for the essay as well as an outline for the rest of the essay. With due respect to King and to other stalwarts of the 20th-century movement, I submit that in the search for the most thoughtful proponents of the pro-integration, pro-America argument, there is no worthier object of our attention than the life and thought of the greatest of their 19th-century predecessors, the renowned abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. [5] For an indispensable rebuttal of this critique, see Thomas G. West, Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America (Lanham, Md. A great deal is at stake in this critique, and it demands a clear, forthright response: These charges against the Founders are false as well as pernicious. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. 348349 (emphasis in original). Want this question answered? Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. Scarcely less important than suffrage as a guarantor of personal security were property rights. [28] Douglass, Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Argumentative Writing - ELA.8.C.1.3: Write to argue a position, supporting at least one claim and rebutting at least one counterclaim with logical reasoning, credible evidence from sources . He introduces this idea after his beginning steps in becoming educated and later reinforces it by providing extensive examples of his experience with; slave-masters, learning the alphabet, reading and writing, and the exposition of individual opinions in literature. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. Douglass, was an African American writer, abolitionist, and so much more, but before any of this, he was a slave. If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. Although the election meant that a new order of eventsis now fairly opening upon the country, he reserved judgment as to just how significant a change was in prospect. [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. In order for evidence to be reliable, it must come from a credible source that is current, nonbiased, provides researched sources, and (preferably) peer-reviewed. Taking the policy claim from earlier, if an author is arguing that the United States should ban capital punishment, their reasons would be the reasons why they believe this is the case. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. Reasoning is the author's logic used to support and prove their claims. First, it makes clear that Douglasss demand for nothing but fair play allowed for vigorous protective and remedial action by the federal government. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. How does Douglass's opening reference to the Declaration of Independence reinforce his message? How does douglass refute this counterclaim? From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. work!!! Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt. Eachno-prepresource allows students to work at their own paces via mastery learning. Formulated more precisely, his demand Let [the Negro] alone meant Give him fair play and let him alone, but be sure you give him fair play.[34] In its most general meaning, fair play or justice to black Americans was to be determined by a principle of non-exceptionalism. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. Would you want to have stolid friends? The reason "capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison" answers "why" capital punishment should be banned. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" II, p. 375. In fact, weve already writtenour argumentative essays on whether Phoebe was a good friend to Sal. Of course the writing prompt is a bit more complex. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. When Hugh Auld, Sophias husband, promptly forbade further instruction for the reason that literacy would forever unfit the boy for slavery, young Frederick gained a revelatory insight into the evil design of slavery and the sure path to liberation. "Florida has estimated that the true cost of each execution is approximately $3.2 million, or approximately six times what it would cost to keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). 280 (1981), established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. State what role curiosity plays in an interview. in Professional Writing and Rhetoric from the University of New Orleans and a B.A. This is an effective counterclaim because it disagrees with the claim (stating that it should not be banned) and provides reasoning that disproves it (that it provides closure). For the audience? The first step in her transition from kindness to cruelty is when she is instructed to cease teaching Frederick Douglass to read. The first televised presidential debate took place between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960. I explain Douglasss argument more elaborately in Frederick Douglass, pp. In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. IV, p. 319. -douglas was trying to to reach to people who didn't agree with slavery, but never did anything to fight against it. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. Debate participants will often prepare counterclaims in order to have a rebuttal ready for their opponent. [21], Douglass believed that slavery was doomed, first and foremost, because he believed that the law of nature as epitomized in the Declaration was, at some deep level, not only true but known or felt to be true by all concerned in the conflict over slavery. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain.[19] Stronger still was his statement following the Dred Scott ruling: My hopes were never brighter than now. As he explained to an audience of Boston abolitionists in early 1862, fair play meant that the ruling majority should do nothing with us, by us, or for us as a particular class. [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. I was a man now.[9]. He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. -object: expresses one's disapproval, -consist of a noun and all of its modifiers, -consist of A made for and all of it helping, or auxiliary, verbs. Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Enter code 3716 for 10% Discount on all ELA and Reading Intervention Programs. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. 'Mom, I really need a new cell phone!' All measures devisedto allay and diminish the antislavery agitation, have only served to increase, intensify, and embolden that agitation.[22]. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. Douglasss new office as editor broadened his education as an abolitionist, and over the next few years, his differences with his erstwhile mentors grew more pronounced. Why, or why not? But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. Latest answer posted August 21, 2018 at 9:25:03 PM. Douglass publicly announced his change of opinion in the spring of 1851, but his most powerful statement of his revised view appears, fittingly enough, in his speech at an Independence Day celebration in 1852. A claim is an argument in statement form. America is said, and not without reason, to be preeminently the home and patron of self-made men. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. In that position, Douglasss fame grew rapidly, and with it came controversy and heightened personal danger. [42] Douglass, Northern Whigs and Democrats, July 7, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. The KansasNebraska Act reversed a federal prohibition of slavery within those two territories, thus betraying the principles of the Declaration by making moral indifference to slavery the guiding principle of federal policy and prompting an alarmed Abraham Lincoln to return to electoral politics. -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. IV, pp. What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. 350351. In a formal paper, you might say something like, 'It is necessary for me to obtain a new cell phone.' III, p. 418. 'My friends that have Internet access make the Honor Roll.'. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. II, pp. Every year adds to his wealth and to his intelligence. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. Criticizethe evidence and analysis of the counterclaimas being unimportant, irrelevant, or a misinterpretation.
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