a. Here's the best 10 day itinerary for road tripping from Milan to Rome. THE COUNTER REFORMATION: The Church to defend itself against further successes of the Protestant Movement. Lavish, even ostentatious, public display became more common, even as the fortunes of the city declined. 1. (In this way they were completely different from labor unions of today The Arti were similar to organizations like Stock Market Traders of today.) Henry was married six times: He was only survived by Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward. 25 Famous Paintings to See the Next Time Youre in Florence, Fra Bartolomeo: portrait of Girolamo Savonarola. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, and Macbeth. His patrons included the Medici, Ludovico Sforza and Cesare Borgia, in whose service he spent the years 1502 and 1503, and King Francis I of France. The assassins, members and supporters of the Pazzi family, banking rivals of the Medici, awaited their signal. Day 3 - Best of Venice - free time. The bowl at the saint's foot recalls his baptism of Christ, while goldfinches, whose red markings were believed to have been made by Christ's crown of thorns, remind viewers of the Crucifixion. a. Dominated French literature as its leading comic dramatist. A humorist who portrayed a comic world of giants whose adventures satirized education, politics, and philosophy. Returned to Scotland and overthrew Catholic authority and established the Presbyterian Church. c. This action is viewed as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. b. Direct link to Lauren Swalec's post What does the author mean, Posted 9 years ago. Henry VIII came to the English Throne in 1509. a. Most trains travel directly from Rome to Florence; you won't be required to change trains. Sculpture Garden 6th St and Constitution Ave NW She was a devout Catholic, and held a great deal of resentment over what had happened to her mother. Again, luckily for Florence, the Duke was defeated in 1425. Cosimo de' Medici. However, if you're traveling on a slower . In 1400 Florence was engaged in a struggle with the Duke of Milan. Filippino Lippi, Italian, 1457 - 1504, The Coronation of the Virgin, c. 1475, oil and tempera (?) If they did, it was in a private manner. Stability was briefly threatened in 1478 by the brutal but abortive Pazzi conspiracy seeking to end the Medici rule. From the late 18th to the mid-20th century, a large Anglo-American colony was an integral part of the Florentine scene. He later claimed that he won the battle because of the Christian god and became a Christian. Shortly before this work was painted, however, the elaborate pageantry of the festival was curtailed. b. The 4th and 7th Street entrances are exit-only. Stay in a nice B&B there for a few days. They underwrote the accomplishments that are now singled out with the term Renaissance, and their palaces came to dominate the city as fully as the church buildings in which they established their family chapels. 4. on panel, Samuel H. Kress Collection, 1943.4.36. Camillus returned from exile to rescue Rome from besieging Gauls. He expressed skepticism toward accepted beliefs, condemning superstition and intolerance and urging people to live nobly. This small devotional panel is painted in the style of Andrea del Verrocchio but is the work of one of his students, Lorenzo di Credi, who inherited the workshop when Andrea died. The battered and blood-stained walls of the city enclose several buildings that could be recognized in Rome, including the dome of the Pantheon and the drums of Castel Sant'Angelo. Alternatively, FlixBus operates a bus from Milan to Florence once daily. Northern Netherlands: The Dutch Reformed Church, Southern Netherlands: remained Roman Catholic. Term. Direct link to giorgia castiello's post What elements of worldvie, Posted a year ago. c. The Pope excommunicated both Henry and Cranmer. Locally, Florence also added neighbouring cities to its sphere of influence and obliged rival powersPisa, Siena, Pistoia, and Arezzoto become its allies. B. c. Loyalty was stronger to the Church than to a nation or political leader. Free time. Stay in a nice B&B there for a few days. 05:20. 3. Ludovico negotiated with both Italian and non-Italian powers in order to protect himself from the danger posed by Naples, but the most fateful of his dealings were with the king of France, Charles VIII (1483 98). This was just as well because the majority of surviving correspondence we have from such artists as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 CE) and Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431-1506 CE) involves respectful but repeated demands for the salary their illustrious, yet tight-fisted patrons, had originally promised them. Then, between 1408 and 1414 Florence was threatened once again, this time by the King of Naples, who also died before he could successfully conquer Florence. The poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who is buried in Piazzale Donatello, the small English cemetery, noted that the city was cheap, tranquil, cheerful and beautiful. The Horne Museum, near Santa Croce, and the Stibbert Museum, in the north, are examples of houses and collections left by foreigners to their adopted city. In 1494, shortly after the death of Lorenzo, French armies under King Charles VIII invaded Italy. c. By satirizing social evils, Erasmus encouraged people to think about reforms. * it is still retained by the present British Monarch. The scene's relevance was enhanced by its contemporary costumes and other familiar details. This tour of Italy combines Italy's glorious cities Rome, Florence, Venice, with its beautiful nature Lake Como and the Amalfi Coast. The slow economic rebirth of Italy in the fifty years following the devastation of the 1348 plague resulted in a population shift from countryside to commune. a. Anatomy: dissected bodies of executed criminals at first to improve his painting -- learned much about the human body. a. Sickly boy of ten when he became king. Stated his position on the question of indulgences. These artists often filled in at leading workshops when extra assistants were needed for important commissions. 15th-century Florence is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance. b. 2.) Soon after, Florence annexed itself to the new Kingdom of Italy, serving as its capital during the period 186570. Since the duke himself is no longer among the living, it's hard to ask him. b. Galileo made a telescope from work that had been done by a Dutchman. After the rule of the Medici, Florence was governed from outside, as Francis Stephen of Lorraine, the husband of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, became the grand duke of Tuscany. Ambrose of Milan Bernard of Clairvaux Valentine of Rome. Although Lorenzo himself commissioned relatively few major works, he was an important arbiter of taste. Spiritual leaders (soldiers) to fight Protestantism: priests and teachers. Then the resolution in 1266 of a bitter strife between two internal factions oriented respectively toward papal (Guelf) and imperial (Ghibelline) protection resulted in victory for a group of Guelf merchant families in the city (as well as the exile in 1302 of Florences greatest poet, Dante Alighieri). 1. True. The flight time comes in at about 2 hours 30 minutes. Individual rulers would decide which religion his people would follow. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Florence and Rome, The Catholic Church, Saint Peter's and more. 3. HUMANISM: Illustrated the Spirit of the Renaissance (a literary movement that began in 14th Century Italy.). It was one of the most powerful city-states in Italy. According to legend, Rome was founded by brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 BCE atop Rome's Palatine Hill. It is also one of the most famous structures in all of Ancient Rome. I must beseech, why did the Duke of Milan and all the other persons threaten Florence? 3. 1. a. For inspiration Credi seems also to have looked to a fellow studentLeonardo da Vinci. Political Problem: Henry was opposed to the interference of any outside power or the influence of the Catholic Church within England. Its streets formed a pattern of rectangular blocks, with a central forum, a temple to Mars, an amphitheatre, and public baths. a. In particular, Florence became one of the wealthiest cities in Northern Italy. Henry VIII appointed Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury. f. Calais: the last English possession in France was lost during her reign. Henry converted to Catholicism: political com promise to gain control of Paris. From such a foundation, Florentine families, led by the Bardi and the Peruzzi, came to dominate both banking and international merchant business. Luxury goods bought in the Levant, such as spices, dyes, and silks, were imported to Italy and then resold throughout Europe. Florentia (The Flourishing Town) was founded in 59 bce as a colony for soldiers of the armies of Rome and was laid out as a rectangular garrison town (castrum) below the hilltop Etruscan town of Faesulae. Indulgences: a grant of forgiveness for sins committed during the Crusades. The people of ancient Rome were divided into two classes: wealthy, aristocratic patricians and poorer commoners called plebians. The arts were Cosimo Medici's passion, and it was as patron of the arts that he arguably had his most significant influence. The classical architecture of the manger and the crumbling ruins also have theological significance. The bankruptcies of the Bardi and the Peruzzi a few years before the Black Death had already shaken the citys prosperity, and it never fully recovered from these double disasters. Other significant guilds included wool merchants, bankers, masons, builders, sculptors, lawyers and solicitors, Doctors and Apothecaries. Renaissance painting emphasized realism, attention to detail, and a desire for perfection. a. Essay by Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, Posted 9 years ago. c. His Divine Comedy, a long poem in which Dante describes an imaginary trip through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven during which one of his guides is the Roman poet Virgil. Was it not so that during the beginning of the 15th century that Turks were threatening Constantinople more and more and that a great flight of artists, painters, sculpturers, writhers and scientists fled the city and came to Italy. b. a. His strict rule came to an end in 1498, but with it closed a phase of Florentine greatness. a. Everyone was not required to be a member. 3. Milan and Lombardy had a GDP of 400 billion ($493 billion) and 650 billion ($801 billion) respectively in 2017. An Italian who lived in Florence during his formative years and was influenced by the Renaissance spirit of Humanism. Direct link to aecaroe's post The guilds of Florence we, Posted 4 years ago. Tobit is described as a man of good faith who suffers from blindness and poverty. The economy of the city remained depressed, and the rivalry of adjoining polities, first Milan and then Naples, only intensified the threats to Florences prosperity in the early 15th century. It is not clear whether the present gilt surface (not original) replaced original gilding or was applied over a now-obliterated landscape, such as seen elsewhere in this room. Day 2 - Milan city tour. Enter or exit at 4th Street. It began with the rediscovery of Greco-Roman Civilization which had been neglected during the Middle Ages. Luther retained only two sacraments: baptism and communion ------- he maintained the others were not authorized in the Bible. Nationalism: the Pope was considered to be a foreign ruler with no right to interfere in the affairs of other nations. * An Englishman, he wrote Utopia, a book about an ideal country that was free from war, injustice, poverty, and ignorance. Among them: Two bishops and Archbishop Cranmer (67 years old) were burned at the stake. Milan is the capital of the Lombardy region in northern Italy and is the wealthiest city in Italy. Over the centuries: other languages had been evolving through everyday usage. Many trains stop in Bologna or Milan's Porta Garibaldi station along the way. b. Protestant Rulers: could keep all Church Land seized prior to 1552. c. Lutheranism was the only recognized Protestant Creed. An Italian, who lived for a while near Florence, was a scholar of law, philosophy, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic. Church Opposition: Galileo was called before the Inquisition and was forced to recant or face being accused a heretic. 3) Train up to Venice, Explore Venice for 3 Days. b. 4 Lorenzo's joust featured spectacular ephemeral decorations made by the leading artists of the day: his banner for the occasion was . He lived an increasingly opulent life, as is apparent in the ostentation of the Medici Palace and the patronage of churches such as San Lorenzo and the monastery of St. Mark, with its frescoes by Fra Angelico. Republican Florence was led briefly by a fiery Dominican preacher, Girolamo Savonarola, who boldly condemned the luxury and urbane culture of his predecessors. The painting's suggestion of reward for fair dealing may have been equally welcome. The Edict of Milan was issued in 313 CE, making Christianity a legal religion throughout the Roman Empire. Official painter to the court of King Philip IV of Spain; also did many paintings of royalty. Filippino's education was taken over by his father's pupil, Botticelli, and their association lasted many years. (Such an unambiguous pursuit of power by leaders at this time was given codification in 1513 by Niccol Machiavelli in his treatise The Prince.) This is just my advice, and you'll get other suggestions, but I might recommend something more like this: 1) Rome (3D), 2) Train somewhere less big than Florence, like Arezzo (in Tuscany). Raphael is named only in the Book of Tobit. Refused to deal with the question of indulgences. A. e. The Council also prepared an Index of Prohibited Books: a list of heretical books forbidden to Catholics. Florence is where the Renaissance first began. b. Cost of Malpensa- Rome is 59 or 59.50 depending on which airport bus you take, and for train all the way from FCO to Florence, 58. The other early Italian city-states to appear in northern . b. a Florentine humanist who had a number of patrons and followers in Rome. Botticelli's lyrical paintings matched the cerebral refinement of Florence's humanists, especially the Neoplatonic philosophers, who saw beauty as a way to approach an understanding of the divine. A Frenchman who wrote a series of essays. Florence saw itself as the ideal city state, a place where the freedom of the individual was guaranteed, and where many citizens had the right to participate in the government (this must have been very different than living in the Duchy of Milan, for example, which was ruled by a succession of Dukes with absolute power). b. Rubens (1577-1640) -- depicted action in religious and historical paintings. . Vigilantes patrolled the streets, and citizens consigned luxury goods, including untold numbers of paintings and other works of art, to the consuming flames of bonfires. These qualities probably appealed to the average Florentine, who was less attracted by the humanist erudition and advanced tastes that enthralled the city's elite. Jacopo del Sellaio, Italian, 1441/1442 - 1493, Saint John the Baptist, c. 1480, oil on panel, Samuel H. Kress Collection, 1939.1.283. 1. Direct link to David Alexander's post The phones, electricity, , Posted 3 years ago. a. He commemorated a Spanish victory against the Dutch in his Surrender of Breda. It takes an average of 2h 16m to travel from Milan to Florence by train, over a distance of around 155 miles (249 km). c. 1543: The Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus published On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres. b. Ptolemy-100's A.D.-theorized the earth was the center of the universe. Marital alliances of Medici family members with members of the French nobility include those of Catherine de Mdici, queen of Henry II and later regent of France; Grand Duke Ferdinand I, who married Christine of Lorraine; and Marie de Mdicis, who married King Henry IV of France. b. Henry had her condemned and put to death for treason. a. Portrayed religious themes in many frescos (wall paintings)--------- he also designed the Cathedral of Florence with its famous bell tower known as Giotto's Tower. Renaissance Development in Italy. Direct link to lynn penner's post how is Florence different, Posted 4 years ago. He achieved this position by virtue of his great wealth (the result of the largest banking network in Europe) and an extensive network of patronage obligations. b. A republic is a form of government in which the people of the state have a great deal more power and influence than they previously did under an absolute monarchy, which was the common form of government in Middle Ages Europe.However, in Florence, the republic did not last long due to several factors, including: economic strife .
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